Vulnerability & Risk

Question 1

Who can be the victim of a “Hate Incident/Crime” ?

Answer 1

Anyone!

Question 2

Define a “Hate Incident”

Answer 2

Any incident which may or may not constitute a criminal offence…
Perceived by the victim or any other person..
as being motivated by prejudice or hate.

Question 3

Define a Hate Crime.

Answer 3

A hate crime - one that constitutes a criminal offence…
Perceived by the victim or any other person..
as being motivated by prejudice or hate.

Question 4

Define “Hate”

Answer 4

“Where the perpetrators hostility toward,
or prejudice against
an identifiable group of people is a factor in determining who is being victimised”

Note: this can also purely be “perceived!”

Question 5

ALL Hate INCIDENTS must be documented! Why?

Answer 5

Hate incidents often lead to Hate CRIMES!
Evidence of previous activity by an alleged offender is excellent for court.

It is also a Home Office Requirement.

Question 6

Name some impacts on victims of hate incidents/crimes…

6

Answer 6

• Isolation
• Fear
• Bewilderment
• Mistrust
• Feeling of Difference
• Shock

Question 7

What is the definition of a racially or religiously aggravated offence..?

Answer 7

If at the time of doing so,
or immediately before or after doing so,
the offender demonstrates towards the victim
hostility based on the victims presumed membership of a racial or religious group.

OR… the offence is motivated wholly or partly by hostility towards members of a racial or religious group.

(Section 28 Crime & Disorder Act, 1998)

Question 8

What legislation covers racially and religiously aggravated offences?

Answer 8

Section 28, Crime & Disorder Act 1998

Question 9

What are some of the protected characteristics when dealing with ‘vulnerability & risk’ ?

Answer 9

Sexual Orientation
Trans Gender
Ethnicity 
Religion
Disability

(These can be incorrectly ‘perceived by the offender’)

Question 10

The Public Order Act 1986 also covers racial and religious hatred, in which section(s)..?

Answer 10

Section 18, is the same as section 5
“..uses threatening, abusive or insulting words or behaviour, or disorderly behaviour within sight or hearing of a person…”

BUT ADDS… “IF HE INTENDS THEREBY TO STIR UP RACIAL HATRED”

Section 19 POA - refers to publishing or distribution of any written material intending to stir up racial hatred.

Question 11

Briefly outline “Allport’s Scale of Prejudice 1954” 🔼

Answer 11

The Allport Scale discusses an escalation of treatment or behaviour of structural racism or discrimination.

Published in 1954 - the most obvious illustration of this “in action” was the Nazi’s persecution of the Jews.

(Escalation from Hate Speech to Extermination)

⏏️ Extermination 
🔼 Physical Attack
🔼 Discrimination 
🔼 Active Avoidance 
🔼 Hate Speech