Vulnerability and Capacity to Cope

Question 1

Why do some places naturally get more hazards?

Answer 1

• close to plate boundaries
• close to a volcanic plume
• landscape and geology (relief + rocks)

Question 2

what does dynamic and unpredictable hazards mean

Answer 2

• challenging to prepare as we dont know where and when they will happen

Question 3

what happened in italy in 2016

Answer 3

6.2 mag EQ caused 300 deaths. this happened due to high vulnerability as this is very strong for the area.

Question 4

what makes densely populated areas more vulnerable

Answer 4

• more people to be affected
• high rise buildings, pancake effect.
• fire spread

Question 5

what are the two vulnerable demographics

Answer 5

• young and old
• disabled

Question 6

how can attitude effect vulnerability

Answer 6

• teamwork and community can help an area survive
• fatalism and religion

Question 7

how does reliance on technology effect vulnerability

Answer 7

• complacency means japan thought they would be fine due to their sea wall and the DART II system

Question 8

how can capacity to cope help a place survive a hazard.

Answer 8

• more money: afford prediction technology
• better healthcare can help injured
• aseisemic buildings,

Question 9

Prediction of an EQ

Answer 9

cant be predicted,
predict surface waves and this will give seconds of warning

Question 10

Tsunami Prediction

Answer 10

Predict, when where and how big using the trigger event.

Question 11

Volcano Prediction

Answer 11

Signs:
- gas release.
- mini EQs
- Nearby water heating up

Tephra and lava directions.

Question 12

Preparation examples

Answer 12

• Aseisemic buildings
• Evacuation route planning
• Zoning
• Survival kits
• EWS’s
• Education (Japan)

Question 13

What is Japans tectonic education about

Answer 13

• Drills
• 1st September is national preparation day.
• Buildings must withstand at least a 7.5 but most do over 8 due to culture.
• Museums remind of severity
• Public information campaigns.