VS, Bedrest, and Hypotension Flashcards
what is the normal HR range?
60-100bpm
what makes a HR tachycardic?
> 100bpm
what makes a HR bradycardic?
<60bpm
does heart rate always equal pulse rate?
no
what is systolic blood pressure?
pressure exerting against arterial walls when heart beats
what is diastolic blood pressure?
pressure that blood exerts when heart is resting between beats
what is the range for resting BP for neonates?
> 60 / variable
what is the resting BP for infants?
70-95 / variable
what is resting BP for children?
80-110 / variable
what is resting BP for adults?
90-120 / <80
what is normal BP as a whole?
<120 / <80
what is prehypertension?
120-139 / 80-89
what is Stage I hypertension?
140-159 / 90-99
what is Stage II hypertension?
≥160 / ≥100
when would you take BP at an alternate site?
cast, mastectomy, dialysis fistula, PICC line/arterial line, repeated measurements
what are changes in RR indicative of?
critical conditions
what is normal RR for neonates?
40-60
what is normal RR for infants?
25-50
what is normal RR for children and older?
15-30
What is normal O2 saturation?
94-100%
when might measurements be inaccurate when taking O2 sats?
peripheral artery disease, raynaud’s, cold extremities, afib, dark pigmented skin, dark nail polish
what is RPE based on?
how difficult the patient feels they are working, how they feel physically and mentally
what does physiologic effects of bed rest pertain to?
multisystem involvements
deconditioning: loss of physiological and performance adaptions
what are some musculoskeletal physiological effects of bed rest?
- bony resorption > formation
- increased risk of fractures
- *atrophy
- impacts all muscle types (fast-twitch most impacted)
- decreased muscle length and ROM
- contractures
what are some cardiopulmonary physiological effects of bed rest?
- reduced ventilatory muscle strength/endurance
- decreased strength of contraction = smaller volumes
- increased work of breathing
- leads to atelectasis / mucus pooling and impaired ciliary functioning WHICH LEADS TO pneumonia
- RHR increases 1bpm every 2 days of bed rest
what are some psychological physiologic effects of bed rest?
- increased number of environmental, psychological, and isolation stressors
leads to
- sleep deprivation
- impaired cognition
- dependency
- reduced tolerance to pain
- depression / anxiety
- delirium
what is postural/orthostatic hypotension?
when SDP/DBP drops when supine –> standing after 3min
what is an orthostatic drop in SBP?
≥ 20mmHg
what is an orthostatic drop in DBP?
≥ 10mmHg
