Vomiting and stomach disease Flashcards
What is primary vomiting vs secondary vomiting?
Primary - due to gastric disease
Secondary - due to non-GI disease
Where is the vomiting centre in the brain?
Medulla
What is bilious vomiting? In what dogs is it more common?
Vomiting bile
Often in dogs food once daily
Brachycephalics
How is bilious vomiting treated?
Feed little and often - focusing on evening meal
Add pro kinetics (ranitidine, metoclopramide)
What is a gastric retention disorder?
Retention of food for over 8 hours
Causing delayed vomiting
What can cause gastric retention disorders?
Anatomical obstructions (stenosis, neoplasia, FB, polyp, chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy) Functional causes (motility disorders, inflammation)
How are gastric retention disorders treated?
Treat underlying cause Prokinetics Metoclopramide Ranitidine Erythromycin - if Abs indicated
Chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy is an anatomical obstruction that can cause gastric retention. What size breeds are predisposed?
Toy breeds
Idiopathic hypertrophy
How do head and spinal injuries cause gastric ulcers?
Impaired motor and sensory innervation to GI system
Give examples of causes of gastric ulcers
Drugs - NSAIDs, corticosteroids
Head and spinal injuries
Gastritis
What is the treatment for gastric ulcers?
Antacids - ranitidine, omeprazole
Sucralfate
(Misoprostol)
Antibiotics
How are gastric ulcers prevented?
Misoprostol
What can cause chronic gastritis?
Chronic gastric parasites
Hairballs
Spiral bacteria e.g. Helicobacter
Immune mediated conditions
Helicobacter often has no evidence of clinical disease, but may cause chronic gastritis. How is it treated?
Triple therapy
2 antibiotics + antacid
Or 3 Abs
What is the most common gastric tumour in dogs?
Gastric adenocarcinoma
Gastric adenocarcinomas affect older dogs. Which breeds are predisposed?
Collies
Bull terriers
Belgian shepherd
What is the most common gastric tumour in cats?
Gastric lymphoma
How is gastric lymphoma in cats treated?
Chemotherapy
Poor prognosis
How are gastric adenocarcinomas in dogs treated?
Surgical resection
Palliative care
(Poor prognosis and painful)
What position should a dog be in for endoscopy?
Left lateral recumbency
