Oesophageal and swallowing disorders Flashcards
What is the term for inflammation of the oral mucosa?
Stomatitis
What is the term for inflammation of the lips?
Cheilitis
What is the term for inflammation of the tongue?
Glossitis
What is the term for painful swallowing?
Odynophagia
What is the term for difficulty in swallowing?
Dysphagia
What is the term for excess salivation?
Ptyalism
What is the term for a normal amount of saliva production, but with difficulty to swallow it, hence drooling saliva?
Pseudo ptyalism
What are the two types of dysphagia?
Functional - due to neuromuscular abnormalities
Morphological - due to structural abnormalities
How do regurgitation and vomiting differ in terms of pH?
Regurgitation has neutral pH
Vomit has acidic pH
An animal is retching. Is it regurgitating or vomiting?
Vomiting
An animal is bringing up digested food. Is it regurgitating or vomiting?
Vomiting
What contrast mediums can be used for contrast radiography? What if there is a perforation?
Barium (+/- fluoroscopy)
If perforation, use iodine
Where are foreign bodies most likely to lodge?
Lower oesophageal sphincter
Heart base
Thoracic inlet
Young, greedy animals are prone to ingesting foreign bodies. What breed in particular is predisposed?
WHWT
What type of imaging is contraindicated with a suspected foreign body?
Barium contrast radiography
Use plain or scope
What drugs can be given after foreign body removal to protect the stomach?
Omeprazole (reduce acid)
Sucralfate (for ulcers)
What is megoesophagus?
Dilation of the oesophagus
With functional paralysis and failure of peristalsis
Megoesophagus can be primary/idiopathic or secondary/acquired. What conditions can cause megoesophagus?
Neuropathies - myasthenia gravis
GDV
Other neurological/oesophageal conditions
Why is the prognosis for megoeosophagus guarded?
Risk of aspiration pneumonia
What is the treatment for idiopathic megoesophagus?
Feed from a height and raised water bowl
Metoclopramide
Bethanechol (help oesophageal motility)
Oesophageal obstructions can be intralumina, intramural or extramural What do these two terms mean?
Intraluminal - within oesophagus lumen (e.g. FB)
Intramural - within oesophagus wall (neoplasm, stricture, granuloma)
Extramural - compression of oesophagus due to other structures e.g. thyroid, mediastinum
How can oesophageal obstruction be treated?
Stricture dilation by bougienage (higher risk of perforation)
Balloon dilation
Inject triamcinolone (steroid) around lesion
How can oesophagitis be treated?
Frequency small feeds Antibiotics Liquid antacids Sucralfate Metoclopramide Tube feeding
