Vomiting Flashcards
What are the two pathways for initiating vomiting
neural and humoral
vomiting occurs when
the distal oesophageal sphincter relaxes - food pushed out of the relaxed stomach
Are bile and SI content normal in vomit?
yes - anti peristalsis of the duodenum and jejunum, reduced gastric tone
Gastric acid secretion in C+Ds is
intermittent
Prostaglandins are important in
controlling acid secretion, blood flow, mucous and bicarbonate secretion (esp. PGE2)
What neural input is required for normal gastric motility
vagal
- vagally-mediated relaxation of the stomach so pressure doesn’t increase with filling
Normal canine stomach empties (?) hours post feeding
8-10hrs but large variation
Marked gastric distension stimulates….
To prevent…
Inhibited in…
gastroesophageal relaxation, gastric body relaxation, pyloric contraction - allow eructation + vomiting.
To prevent SI overload
Inhibited during sleep in normal individuals and in GDV
The most common causes of chronic vomiting
Are extra-gastric!
IBD
Recurrent pancreatitis
Hepatobiliary disease.
Absence of bile in vomit indicates
pyloric obstruction or spasm
food can stimulate vomiting with
gastritis and motility disorders
mainly bile can indicate
ulcers or bilious reflex - often vomit on an empty stomach
concurrent diarrhoea indicates
intestinal or pancreatic involvement
Why should you check under the tongue?
For string! esp. cats
Tx acute uncomplicated gastritis
Starve 24-48hrs
Oral water + electrolytes
Re-introduce bland, low fat food little and often
Drug tx usually unnecessary - abx may disrupt gut flora
