voluntary movements Flashcards
what are semi-automatic actions?
voluntary actions which you don’t have to think about
give examples of semi-automatic actions
- walking
- breathing
- chewing
what are central pattern generators (CPG)?
neural circuits that produce rhythmic outputs in the absence of rhythmic input
what are neural circuits that produce rhythmic outputs in the absence of rhythmic input called?
central pattern generators (CPG)
semi-automatic actions are driven by what?
CPGs
name the components of a voluntary pathway
- receptor
- spinal cord and brain stem
- subcortical areas (thalamus and basal ganglia)
- sensory cortex
- association cortex
- motor cortex
- muscle
a 2 neuron white matter motor pathway connecting the motor cortex and brainstem is known as?
corticobulbar tract
what is a corticobulbar tract?
2 neuron white matter motor pathway connecting the motor cortex and brainstem
what separates the parietal from the frontal lobe and the motor cortex from the somatosensory cortex?
central sulculus
white matter can be divided into 3 sections, what are these?
- dorsal funiculus
- lateral funiculus
- ventral funiculus
pathways to motor neurons controlling distal muscles on the left side originate from which side of the brain?
right
pathways to motor neurons controlling distal muscles on the right side originate from which side of the brain?
left
what do lesions to sensory pathways cause?
- loss of sensation (anaesthesia)
- altered sensation (paraesthesia)
lesions to motor pathways cause?
paralysis (palsy)
which structure separates the temporal and parietal lobes ?
insular cortex