bones and joints Flashcards
what are the last bones in our bodies to join?
hip
what does ossified mean?
bones are joined
at what age are all bones ossified?
late 20s/early 30s
what is the middle part of our skeleton called?
axial skeleton
what are the added on bones on the side of the central part of the skeleton called?
appendicular skeleton
what is the function of the axial skeleton?
provide stability
what is the end parts of bones called?
epiphysis
what is the middle part of a bone called?
diaphysis
what is the name of the membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones?
periosteum
what is the name of the hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone?
epiphyseal plate or growth plate
what is the narrow portion of a long bone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis called?
metaphysic
what is the smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints called?
articular cartilage
there are 2 types of bone found in the body, what are they?
- cancellous/spongy/trabecular bone
- compact/cortical bone
which type of bone is found at the ends of long bones, as well as in the pelvic bones, ribs, skull, and the vertebrae in the spinal column?
cancellous bone
which type of bone forms the cortex, or hard outer shell of most bones in the body?
compact bone
what is the area where red and yellow bone marrow is stored called?
marrow cavity
name the 3 types of joints?
- synovial
- fibrous
- cartilaginous
describe a synovial joint
- contains synovial fluid in a capsule
- extensive movement/movable joints
- smooth cartilage
describe a fibrous joint
- no synovial cavity
- joint held together by dense connective tissue (rich in collagen)
describe a cartilaginous joint
- no synovial cavity
- little movement
- held together by cartilage
which type of joint shows the most movement and which shows the least?
most - synovial
least - fibrous
which 2 types of cartilage are present in synovial joints?
- fibrocartilage
- hyaline cartilage
give 3 examples of synovial joints
- elbow
- knee
- ribs
give 2 examples of fibrous joints?
- sutures of skull
- syndesmoses (tibia and fibula)
what is another name for a cartilaginous joint?
symphysis
give an example of a cartilaginous joint?
pelvis
what is C1 or the atlas?
most superior (first) cervical vertebra of the spine
does the atlas have a body?
no
how does C2 compensate for the lack of a body on the 1st cervical vertebrae?
it has body which sucks up
what is the dens?
C2 or 2nd cervical vertebral body
a depression in a bone which another bone fits to form a joint is called?
glenoid fossa
a bone developed in a tendon is called?
sesamoid bone
give an example of a sesamoid bone
knee cap
