Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

locomotor system 1 > pain and nociception > Flashcards

pain and nociception Flashcards

1
Q

what is pain?

A

unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 2 classifications of pain?

A
  • nociceptive

- clinical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

clinical pain can be subdivided into 2 more types of pain what are these?

A
  • acute

- chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

nociceptive pain is mediated through which type of nerves fibres?

A

A delta and C fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what causes nociceptive pain?

A

when intense/noxious stimuli threaten to damage normal tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the adaptive/biologically useful role of noxious pain?

A
  • protective function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the characteristic features of noxious pain?

A

high threshold and limited duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the adaptive/biologically useful role of acute clinical pain?

A

protective function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what may acute clinical pain involve?

A

soft tissue damage or inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which type of pain offers no protective function?

A

chronic clinical pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

a pain offering no survival advantage is said to be?

A

maladaptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what may cause chronic clinical pain?

A
  • sustained sensory abnormality

- ongoing peripheral pathology (chronic inflammation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

chronic pain must last more than?

A

3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which type of pain is resistant to treatment?

A

chronic clinical pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when making a differential diagnosis, what information would you want to obtain from the patient?

A
  • location
  • pain quality (sharp stabbing, dull ache)
  • pain intensity
  • frequency/duration
  • provoking/relieving agents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the spinal cord is organised segmentally, list the segments in order and state how many pairs of each there are

A
  • cervical (8)
  • thoracic (12)
  • lumbar (5)
  • sacral (5)
  • coccygeal (1)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is referred pain?

A

when pain is felt in 1 part of the body but pathologically elsewhere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

where does pain typically tend to be referred to ?

A

sites of common embryological origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

give some examples of referred pain?

A
  • heart felt down left arm/shoulder
  • oesophagus felt overlapping heart
  • stomach felt in lower thorax/upper abdomen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

which pathway do nociceptor endings activate?

A

spinothalamic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

a sharp stabbing pain refers to activation of which type of nerve fibre?

A

A delta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

a dull pain refers to activation of which type of nerve fibre?

A

C fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

on a pain graph showing time against voltage, what type of nerve fibres does the sharp peak and small curve represent?

A

peak - A delta

curve - C fibres

24
Q

sensory axons never the CNS via what?

A

dorsal roots

25
where are cell bodies of sensory axons located?
dorsal root ganglia
26
in the spinothalamic pathway, 1st order sensory neurons travel from where to where?
skin to spinal cord
27
in the spinothalamic pathway, 2nd order sensory neurons travel from where to where?
spinal cord to thalamus in brainstem
28
in the spinothalamic pathway, 3rd order sensory neurons travel from where to where?
thalamus to cortex
29
in order to stop pain below the head, what region of the brain can be cut?
antero-lateral funiculus
30
nociceptive afferents in the tooth are free nerve fibre endings that extend into where?
dentin
31
in the ventral trigeminothalamic tract, 1st order sensory neurons travel from where to where?
face/head/oral cavity to the spinal nucleus in the pons
32
in the ventral trigeminothalamic tract, 2nd order sensory neurons travel from where to where?
spinal nucleus in pons to thalamus
33
in the ventral trigeminothalamic tract, 3rd order sensory neurons travel from where to where?
thalamus to somatosensory cortex
34
list factors affecting pain perception
- genetic - molecular - cellular - anatomical - physiological - psychological - social
35
describe pain on a molecular level?
- SCN9A is a gene that encodes a subunit of voltage gated sodium channels Nav1.7 - Nav1.7 is strongly expressed in nociceptive afferents (receptor endings)
36
a mutation in which gene results in inability to experience pain?
SCN9A
37
what is the gate control theory?
non-painful input closes the nerve "gates" to painful input, which prevents pain sensation from traveling to the central nervous system.
38
according to the gate control theory, how does rubbing a painful area reduced pain?
- rubbing activates A beta fibres - a branch of A beta fibres activates an inhibitory interneuron - this interneuron, in turn inhibits the 2nd pain neuron therefore inhibiting the spinothalamic pathway
39
what is the primary control centre for descending pain modulation?
periaqueductal grey matter
40
how does periaqueductal grey matter reduce pain?
releases cells that suppress pain
41
how does the raphe nuclei reduce pain?
receives descending afferents from periaqueductal grey matter the sends projections to dorsal horn to inhibit pain
42
where receives descending afferents from the periaqueductal grey matter?
raphe nuclei
43
afferents from the raphe nuclei project to where?
locus ceoruleus (nucleus in pons)
44
how does the locus coeruleus reduce pain?
produce noradrenaline
45
the triple response consists of the wheal, flare and red reaction, what is the red reaction?
initial red line in the centre
46
the triple response consists of the wheal, flare and red reaction, what is the wheal reaction?
pale and swollen area round the red reaction
47
the triple response consists of the wheal, flare and red reaction, what is the flare reaction?
red and swollen skin around the wheal
48
which 2 substances are essential for the triple response?
- substance P | - CGRP (gastrin-releasing peptide)
49
the triple response works by which type of feedback reaction?
feed forward reaction
50
what effect does CGPR have during the triple response?
dilate BVs
51
what effect does substance P have during the triple response?
- cause oedema | - release bradykinin (vasodilator)
52
sever triple response is known as?
dermatographia
53
a drug which relieves pain is known as what?
an analgesic
54
what is an analgesic?
a drug which relieves pain
55
analgesic drugs may act on 4 regions of the PNS, name where an analgesic may act?
- receptor ending - sensory axon - secondary sensory neuron - terry sensory neuron

locomotor system 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions