Volcanos part 2 Flashcards
What is the tallest Volcano in the world
How tall
Which volcano is the most massive, and where is it?
Ojos del Salado
6983m (22615 feet)
Tamu Massif (at first it was believed to be a complex of volcanoes, now its known to be just one big one)
It’s underwater in the Pacific Ocean
What are the names of the two types of small volcanoes caused by magma coming to contact with groundwater
and for the shallower one (permafrost)
the more bowl like like ones
What is the name for consolidated ash
shallow ones are called Maars
the more bowl like ones are called Tuff cones
consolidated ash is called tuff
What is the name for a subsurface mass of magma that pushes up overlaying rock
What is the name for magma that forms a sheet between rock layers
What is the name for a vertical channel of magma
Laccolith (pushes up overlaying rock)
Sill (sheet between rock layers)
Dyke (verticle channel of magma)
Pahoehoe and A’a have what kind of composition
which is generally hotter (how hot) and faster
Why does Pahoehoe have its characteristic rope like texture
Basaltic composition
Pahoehoe is hotter (1094-1200C) and faster (upto 10 km/h)
It advances in a series of loces, called toes, as its surface cools it creates a thin pliable skin, under which the hotter material flows. The rope like texture is caused by the congealing of the skin,
What are the four lava composition in order of increasing silica content
What is the silica content approximately (don’t need to be exact, just ball park)
Also, provide typical temperature for the ends of this scale
Basalt (48-52%) - upto 1250C
Andesite (52-63%)
Dacite (63-68%)
Rhyolite (68 - 77%) - down to 700C
The temperature decreases with composition type
What normally causes volcanoes to happen
Magma moving upwards where the decrease in pressure leads to gases expanding out increasing the upward pressure.
What is the famously active Hawaiian volano
Kilauea
What is Pele’s hair
and what is named after
Named after the Hawaiian goddess of Volcanoes
It is formed when airbourne particles of magma are spun by the wind into glassy, hair like strands.
What is the most active volcano in the Canary Islands
What island is it on, and what threat does it post
Cumbre Vieja (1949m) on La Palma
If it had a major eruption it could cause a land-slide and create a mega-tsumani
Of course - beware of hype! the threat could easily be vastly overblown.
What was the name of the VE7 eruption that happened in Indonesia in the 13th century, as deduced from a sulfate spike in ice cores
Give name
year
and island
What has it been potentially linked to
1257
Samalas eruption
Lombok
It is considered a possible factor in the beginning of the Little Ice Age
What 15th century volcano exceeded Tambora in scale and what event is it associated with
It’s a bit of a trick question - the volcano (two probably) have not been found.
One favourite was 1452-53 Kuwae erupion in Vanuatu, but research has found that it wasn’t big enough.
It is one of several volcanoes associated with The Mini Ice Age
Its effects were world wide, including the worst famine in Aztec history, and in China tens of thousands froze to death.
What is the name of the 10th century eruption at Paektu Mt
What year exactly
How big
946
VEI-7 event
Tianchi (Millennium) eruption
100-120 km3
What /when was the most recent VEI-8 event
Oruanui eruption that formed Lake Taupo in New Zealand, 26,500 years ago
What is the name of the major volcanic system not far from Vesuvius.
What is its other name?
What type of Volcano is it, and how does this make is scarier
How big was the first eruption around 39,000 years ago
Campi Flegrei
Phlegraean Fields
It is a caldera volcano, which is one that lacks a cone - so you can’t see how dangerous it is
The first eruption was a VEI-7 (Comparable with Tambora)
What is the technical name for an ‘explosive lake’
and what causes it
what is the surprising effect it can have.
Limnic eruption (or lake overturn)
Its when CO2 erupts from deep water, forming a suffocating cload, and it can even cause lake tsunamis as the gas displaces water
