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Solar System > Jupiter > Flashcards

Jupiter Flashcards

1
Q

What is the gravity on the equator of Jupiter in Ge

A

2.36

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1
Q

Which Danish astronomer made the first of its kind calculation, based on what he observed on Jupiter

name, dates, details etc,

A

Ole Romer in 1676 made the first estimate of the speed of light,

He had noticed that eclipses and transits of Jupiters moons dont always occur at periodic times, because of the variation in the time in takes light to reach earth

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2
Q

What is the orbital period of Jupiter

A

11.86 years

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2
Q

What is the order of the Galilean moons, and their orbital resonances

A

Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto

1:2:4 for the first three

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3
Q

When did Shoemaker Levy 9 hit Jupiter

What did the spacecraft Galileo notably do in 1995

Between what years did Galileo orbit Jupiter (what happened to it in the end)

A

1994

In 1995 Galileo launced a probe into Jupiter’s atmosphere

1995-2003

In the end Galileo was flown into Jupiter to avoid contaminating the Galilean moons

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4
Q

When did Juno reach Jupiter

A

July 2016 (orbital insertion)

it entered a polar orbit and study jupiter’s magnetic fields and atmosphere

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5
Q

How many groups are Jupiter’s satelites broken down into

What are they called

A

4 Inner moons (Amalthea group - the largest and first to be discovered of the inner moons) (4)

Galilean moons (4)

and the outer moons (71 or more) - these may be prograde or retrograde with high inclinations of eccentricities - most are very tiny.

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6
Q

Why is Callisto the colour it is

A

It is darkened from solar radiation

with white marks from fresh impact crators exposing the icy rock

Callisto is often described as the most heavily cratered body in the solar system

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6
Q

What was the first spacecraft to flyby Jupiter and when

When were the first detail pictures of the moons made

A

Pioneer 10 in 1973

Moon pics came in 1979 when V1 and 2 passed by.

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7
Q

What is the diameter in km of:

Io:

Europa:

A

Io: 3640 km approx

Europa: 3122km

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8
Q

What is the diameter of Jupiter

A

142,984km

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10
Q

What is the diameter in km of:

Ganymede:

Callisto:

A

Ganymede: 5262km

Callisto: 4821km

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12
Q

What is the mass of Jupiter in Me

A

318

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13
Q

What is the mean cloud top temperature

A

-108C

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14
Q

What is the axial tilt of Jupiter

A

3.1

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14
Q

How many moons does Jupiter have

A

92 confirmed

15
Q

What is the mean distance from the Sun in AU

A

5.2

17
Q

What is the rotation period of Jupiter

A

9.93 hours

20
Q

To what does Io owe its colourful surface

A

Unique properties of sulfur, which can take several different forms with different physical properties

20
Q

Which British astromer was the first to measure the diameter of Jupiter

A

James Bradley in 1733

21
Q

Who was first to suggest Jupiter was a gas giant and not made of rock

A

American George Hough in 1903

22
Q

Aside from its size what is Ganymede’s claim to fame

A

It is the only moon with a significant magnetic field

-features in this field suggest an ocean between layers of ice

23
Q

What confirmed the existance of active volcanism on Io

A

The discovery of a 300km volcanic plume from the volcano Pele by Voyager 1 in 1979

24
Q

What are the white and dark bands respectively called on Jupiter

Where does the whiteness come from

Which are colder

Which ones represent upwellings, and which descending air

A

Zones and Belts

The whiteness of zones is believed to come as a result of ammonia ice

Zones are colder and correspond to upwellings

Belts correspond to descending air

At least that is the simplest explanation for the way they act

25
Q

How deep do the jets streams go, that drive the belts and zones

what marks the boundary layer

A

3000km

At this depth the magnetic fields become significant because the pressures are high enough to create Jupiter’s liquid metal hydrogen mantle

somehow the magnetic fields are responsible for setting the depth of the jet streams

26
Q

Does Jupiter have a solid core?

why is this issue important

A

Evidence from Juno suggests no - but it could have a dissolving core of rock and ice mixed with hydrogen

It will help determine which theory of Jupiter’s formation is correct, which could have knock on consequences for the rest of the solar system

it would strengthen the condensed cloud theory - Jupiter formed from the large cloud of gas and dust that surrounded the Sun soon after its birth. As this cloud cooled and condensed, gas and dust particles lumped together so that some regions were denser than others. One of these dense splotches was able to gravitationally pull more and more gas and dust together, swelling into a full-fledged planet.

27
Q

What is the largest Jupiter Trojan asteroid?

How big is it?

What type of asteroid is it

Anything particularly interesting about its structure

A

Hektor

It’s in the Greek camp of Trojans (and therefore a ‘spy’) - this is because it was named before the naming of Greek and Trojan camps

Its around 403 x201km - so big. (on average 250km)

Its a D-type asteroid [dark and reddish] (common for some of the larger Jupiter Trojans) - and may have an outer solar system origin

It is likely to be a contact binary (Ultima Thule) and it has a small moon. Cool eh?

28
Q

What was the first Jupiter Trojan to be discovered

What is the biggest in each camp?

What asteroid types are they?

Binary or not?

A

Achilles [Greek cam] (1906)

Patrocles (in Trojan camp) (this is a non-contact binary)

Hektor (in Greek camp) (a contact binary)

They are all D-type

29
Q

What is the NASA Mission to visit five Jupiter Trojans

When will it arrive?

Which is the really big asteroid it will visit

A

Lucy (eta 2027)

It will go to four moons in the Trojan cloud, before visiting Patrocles in the Greek cloud

30
Q

What will the juice mission do

When will it first arrive - why will it take so long

Whose mission is it

A

The ice moons explorer will do flybys around Ganymede, Europa and Callisto, before settling j to orbit around Ganymede

It launched in 2023 and will orbit Jupiter from 2031. It Willy ake this long because there wasn’t enough energy for a direct flight so it will have to do a number of gravity assist manoeuvres , including around Venus

ESA mission

31
Q

What is the complementary Jupiter mission to Juice

A

Europa clipper,

This launches in late 2024 and arrives in 2030

Mission is to see if Europa could harbour life

32
Q

Where does the Lucy mission get its name from

A

The fossil Australopithecus because the trojans are thought to be fossils of the early solar system

Solar System (24 decks)

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