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Geology > Volcanoes > Flashcards

Volcanoes Flashcards

1
Q

Intrusive Rock is

A

Plutonic Rock

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2
Q

Magma Behavior determined by (3)

A

temp
composition
dissolved gases

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3
Q

Liquid

A

Melt

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4
Q

Solid in Lava are

A

Silicate

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5
Q

Volatiles are (3)

A

water vapor, co2, so2

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6
Q

Lava is

A

Extruded Magma

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7
Q

Aa Flow (2)

A

Basalatic lava

rough jagged blocks

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8
Q

Pahoehoe Flow (2)

A

basaltic lava

smooth surfaces

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9
Q

Another name for Pyroclastic Flow

A

Nuee Ardente

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10
Q

Nuee Ardente (3) generated by

A

collapse of eruption columns

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11
Q

Crater

A

a funnel-shaped depression at the summit of most volcanic cones, generally less than 1 km in diameter

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12
Q

Caldera

A

a volcanic crater that has a diameter of >1 kilometer and is produced by a collapse following a massive eruption

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13
Q

Volatiles

A

1-6 percent of total, water/co2

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14
Q

Bomb

A

hot lava greater than 2.5 inches, streamlined in air (meteor)

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15
Q

Hot temperature

A

decreases viscosity

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16
Q

Dissolved water

A

decreases viscosity by inhibiting formation of silica tetrahedra chains

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17
Q

Violence of Eruption

A

Gases expand near surface due to decreasing pressure; related to how easily gases escape

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18
Q

Silica Composition

A

Increases Viscosity

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19
Q

Tetrahedra

A

silicate structures linking together in chains early in crystallization process

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20
Q

Shield Volcanoes (3)

A

Large Area, Broad/dome shaped

Produced by MILD eruptions

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21
Q

Cinder Cones or

A

Scoria Cones

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22
Q

Composite Volcanoes or

A

Stratovolcanoes

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23
Q

Cinder Cones (3)

A

Small size/groups
Extensive Lava Fields
Steep Slope

24
Q

Composite Volcanoes (3)

A

large/classic shape
symmetrical cone
layers of pyrcolastic debris

25
Q

Volcanic Neck

A

remains of magma solidified in conduit

26
Q

Volcanic Conduit

A

circular pathway from fissure to surface

27
Q

Bowen’s Reaction Series

A

Minerals Crystallizes in systematic fashion based on melting points

28
Q

Crystal Setting

A

earlier, dense minerals settle towards bottom

29
Q

Magmatic Differentiations

A

one magma->two different magma

30
Q

Assimilation

A

magma melts and incorporates other

31
Q

Magma Mixing

A

Buoyant overtakes slow moving

32
Q

Partial Melting

A

melt enriched in ions from lowest melting temperture minerals

33
Q

Flow of Partial Melting

A

Ultramafic->Mafic->Intermediate->Felsic

34
Q

Resurgent Dome

A

Magma bounces back up in caldera

35
Q

Resurgent Dome Caldera

A

Yellowstone

36
Q

Flood Basalt

A

eruptions from fissues

37
Q

Large Igneous Province

A

Basalt Plateau

38
Q

Composite Volcano Flow

A

Andesitic

39
Q

Composite Volcano Location

A

Ring of Fire

40
Q

Shield Volcano Location

A

Ocean

41
Q

Shield Volcano Flow

A

Basaltic

42
Q

Pipe

A

super long conduit

43
Q

Divergent Plate Boundaries

A

Fluid/Basaltic Lava

44
Q

Intraplate Volcanism has

A

mantle pumes

45
Q

Superplumes are responsible for

A

flood basalts

46
Q

remoting sensing devices test

A

silicon dioxide emissions

47
Q

Igneous Rock goes to

A

Metamorphic Rock

48
Q

Igneous to Metamorphic

A

heat and pressure

49
Q

Sedimentary Rock goes to ___ via

A

Metamorphic via heat and pressure

50
Q

Parasitic Cone

A

Flank Vent emitting lava/pyroclastic material

51
Q

Fumaroles

A

flank vent emits gases

52
Q

Calderas

A

circular, steep-sided depressions with a diameter >1 km

53
Q

Crater Lake Calderas

A

Form from the collapse of the summit of a large composite volcano following an eruption; these calderas eventually fill with rainwater

54
Q

Hawaiian type calderas

A

: Form gradually from the collapse of the summit of a shield volcano following the subterranean drainage of the central magma chamber

55
Q

Yellowstone Calderas

A

Form from the collapse of a large area after the discharge of large volumes of silica-rich pumice and ash; these calderas tend to exhibit a complex history

Geology (5 decks)

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