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Geology > Igneous Rocks > Flashcards

Igneous Rocks Flashcards

1
Q

B. Intermediate/Andesitic Composition (2)

A

25 percent dark silicate minerals

explosive volcanic

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2
Q

A. Granitic/Felsic Rock (2)

A

Continental Crusts,

Light

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3
Q

C. Basaltic/Mafic Rock (3)

A

Ocean floor/volcanic islands,
Dark Silicates and calcium-rich feldspar
higher density than granite

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4
Q

Felsic

A

Feldspar and Silica

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5
Q

Mafic

A

Magnesium and Ferrum

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6
Q

Ferrum

A

Iron

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7
Q

D. Ultramafic Composition (3)

A

magnesium, iron, silicates (same as mafic)

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8
Q

Ferromagnesian

A

iron/magnesium

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9
Q

Fewer Large Crystals

A

Slow Cooling

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10
Q

Many Small Crystals

A

Fast Cooling

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11
Q

Glass (Obsidian)

A

very fast cooling

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12
Q

Texture

A

Size Arrangement of Mineral Grains

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13
Q

Vesicular Texture

A

Rapid Cooling, gas escapes through hole

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14
Q

Aphanatic Texture

A

Fine grained, rapid cooling, some vesicles, rapid cooling

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15
Q

Phanertic Texture

A

Coarse-grained texture, slow cooling, large visible crystals

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16
Q

Porphyritic Texture

A

large crystals embedded in matrix of smaller crystals, multiple cooling rates, formed at different temperatures
two distinct grain sizes

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17
Q

Pyroclastic Texture

A

Fragmental Appearance (like sedimentary rock)

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18
Q

Pegmatitic Texture

A

Exceptionally coarse grained, formed in late stages of crystallization of granitic magmas

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19
Q

Phenocrysts

A

Large Crystals

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20
Q

Groundmass

A

Smaller Crystals

21
Q

Rhyolite has

A

glass fragments and seciles

22
Q

Rhyolite Texture

A

Aphanitic

23
Q

Rhyolite vs Granite

A

less common, less voluminous, extrusive

24
Q

Granite Composed of (3)

A

Quartz, Feldspar, Mica

25
Q

Granite Properties (4)

A

FelsicCoarse GrainedIgneousLight Colored Silicates

26
Q

Light Colored Silicates (2)

A

Quartz and Potassium Feldspar

27
Q

DARK Igneous Examples (5)

A

Ferromagnesium silicatesOlivinePyroxeneAmphiboleBoitite Mica

28
Q

Light Igneous Examples (6)

A

Non-Ferromagnesium silicatesQuartzmuscovitemicasfeldspars

29
Q

Texture of “Basalt”

A

Aphanatic

30
Q

Most Common Extrusive Rock

A

“asalt”

31
Q

“Basalt” Origin

A

Volcanic

32
Q

“Basalt” Composition (Igneous)

A

calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar

33
Q

Andesite Properties (2) IGNEOUS

A

Volcanic ORiginAphanitic Texture

34
Q

Diorite Texture IGNEOUS

A

Coarse Grained

35
Q

Plutonic (intrusive ingeous ) equivalent of andesite

A

diorite

36
Q

Rhyolite IGNEOUS Properties (3)

A

Extrusive equivalent of graniteMay contain glass fragments and vesiclesless voluminous and common than granite

37
Q

“Rhyolite” IGNEOUS Texture

A

Aphanitic

38
Q

“Obsidian” IGNEOUS Texture

A

dark/glassy

39
Q

“Pumice” IGNEOUS Properties (3)

A

frothy/voidsvolcanicglassy

40
Q

Granitic/Felsic Minerals (2)

A

Quartz/Potassium Feldspar

41
Q

Andesitic/Intermediate Minerals (2)

A

Amphibole/Plagioclase Feldspar

42
Q

Basalatic/Mafic Minerals (2)

A

Pyroxene/Plagioclase Feldspar

43
Q

Ultramafic Minerals (2)

A

Olivine, Pyroxene

44
Q

High Temp to Low Temp

A

Ultramafic->Felsic

45
Q

Continuous Series of Crystallization

BRS

A

Calcium Rich->Sodium Rich (Plagioclase Feldspar)

Ultramafic->Felsic

46
Q

Discountinuous Series of Crystallization (BRS)

A

Olivine, Pyroxene, Amphibole, Biotite (Ultramafic, Felsic)

47
Q

First to Crystallize

A

Olivine

48
Q

1/3 Magma Crystallized

A

Melt depleted in iron, mag, calcium

Geology (5 decks)

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