Volcanoes Flashcards
State 4 Characteristics of Shield Volcanoes.
> Gentle explosions
Made up of only lava
Lava is runny, flows quickly and spreads
forming a low, flat volcano
State 4 Characteristics of Composite Volcanoes.
> Made up erupted ash and lava
lava is usually thick, flows slowly and hardens quickly
Very explosive eruptions
forming a steep-sided volcano
Name a Volcanic Case Study
Montserrat.
State 4 Primary Effects of the Volcanic Eruption in the Soufriere Hills
>2/3 of the island was covered in ash >23 people died in 1997 >50% of the population evacuated to the north, away from the danger zone >Floods and valleys were blocked by ash >Airport and Port were closed
State 3 Secondary Effect of the Volcanic Eruption in the Soufriere Hills
> Most of the southern area was destroyed, any remaining inhabitants have had to endure harsh living conditions in the North.
Port and Airport always remain closed
Tourist industry is still suffering
State 3 Immediate Responses to the Volcanic Eruption in the Soufriere Hills
> In August 1995, many residents were evacuated and an exclusion zone was set up in the south of the island
Money was given to individuals to help them move to other countries
Riots occurred as locals complained that the British weren’t doing enough to help the island
State 3 Long Tern Responses to the Volcanic Eruption in the Soufriere Hills
> The British Gov. spent £200 mill. helping Montserrat restore electricity and water, build a new harbour, airports and roads.
Many people left the island and didn’t return - by 1997 Montserrat’s population had fallen from 12000 to 3500. By 2010 it ha nearly risen to 5000.
In 1997 2400 adults were offered £2500 to relocate
Cause of Montserrat’s Eruption
North and South American Plates being subducted under the Caribbean Plate (destructive boundary)
How Can You Monitor/Predict an Earthquake?
>Seismometers >Gas Emissions (Sulphur Dioxide) >Thermal imaging cameras >GPS >Electronic tilt metres
