Earthquakes

Question 1

What Causes Earthquakes?

Answer 1

Friction. When plates try and move they are still held by friction. The forces pushing the plate keep pushing, until there is so much it overcomes frictions and the plate suddenly jerks.

Question 2

Where are Earthquakes Located?

Answer 2

Destructive, Collision, Constructive and Conservative Plate Margins.

Question 3

Shockwaves

Answer 3

Travel out from the focus.

Question 4

LEDC

Answer 4

Haiti, 12th January 2010 - 4:53pm

Question 5

MEDC

Answer 5

Japan, March 11th 2011 - 2:46pm

Question 6

What Were the Primary Effects of Haiti’s Earthquake?

Answer 6

>230,000 deaths
>1.3 mill. made homeless
>300,000 injured
>30,000 commercial buildings collapsed
>180,000 homes destroyed

Question 7

What Were the Primary Effects of Japan’s Earthquake?

Answer 7

> More than 18,000 people were killed
Less than an hour after, tsunami waves hit Japan’s coastline - height up to 39m and as far as 6miles
Damage costs were approximately 25 trillion yen
Tsunami caused a cooling system failure, which resulted in a level 7 nuclear meltdown and release of radioactive materials.

Question 8

What Were the Secondary Effects of Haiti’s Earthquake?

Answer 8

> Damage to the main clothing industry
Lack of food
Landslides
Liquidation

Question 9

What Were the Secondary Effects of Japan’s Earthquake?

Answer 9

> 6 mill. homes were left without electricity
1 mill. without water
Shipping was disrupted due to closure and destruction of ports
Agriculture in Tohuku was devastated - accounts for 3/4% Japans rice production, and seawater contamination could affect rice crops for years

Question 10

What were the Immediate Responses to Haiti’s Earthquake?

Answer 10

> Emergency rescue teams arrived from a number of countries (Iceland)
GIS was used to provide satellite images and maps
Many pledged money over their mobile phones
UN troops and police were sent to help distribute aid and keep order

Question 11

What were the Immediate Responses to Japan’s Earthquake?

Answer 11

> Over 340,000 displaced people needed catering for e.g. food, clean water, shelter and medicine
Many countries such as UK sent search and rescue teams to help search for survivors
NGO’s and other aid agencies helped too, with the Japanese Red Cross donating $1 billion in donations
The JMA and Gov. did a good job monitoring and getting warning signals to people, which saved many lives

Question 12

What were the Long Term Responses of Haiti’s Earthquake?

Answer 12

> After 1 year there were 1,300 camps
Schools being re-built
Small farmers are being supported so crops can be grown
Money was pledged by organisations and government was to assist in re-building, but only slow progress was made

Question 13

What were the Long Term Responses of Japan’s Earthquake?

Answer 13

> The country recently installed, an upgraded tsunami warning system
Earthquake engineers examined the damage, looking for ways to build buildings more resistant to quakes and tsunamis
Researchers sailed offshore and dropped sensors along the fault line to measure the forces that caused the earthquake

Question 14

In What Ways Did Haiti Predict the Earthquake?

Answer 14

> GPS data allows scientists to predict large earthquakes

>Behaviour of animals (act strangely, some come out of ground)

Question 15

In Ways Did Japan Predict the Earthquake?

Answer 15

> Seismometers

Question 16

In What Ways Did Haiti Prepare For the Earthquake?

Answer 16

> Poor warning system (3rd most poorest country in the world)

Question 17

In What Ways Did Japan Prepare For the Earthquake?

Answer 17

> Residents of Tokyo received a minute of warning before the strong shaking hit the ground
Service practices
Earthquake survival kits

Question 18

In What Ways Did Haiti Protect themselves from the Earthquake?

Answer 18

> Cross-bracing made of bamboos
Lightweight structures
Damper
Walls made up of straw packed between wooden slats

Question 19

In What Ways Did Japan Protect themselves From the Earthquake?

Answer 19

>Cross-brace
>Shock absorbers
>Double-glazed Windows
>Deep foundations
>Gas supply automatically turned off

Question 20

Differentiate an LEDC with an MEDC Through Education

Answer 20

In an MEDC the education system is more advanced and so many are encouraged to learn and have a better chance of employment. Whilst in an LEDC, children are needed to go to work and support the family. In an LEDC they do not have the trade and industry therefore education is considered unimportant.

Question 21

Differentiate an LEDC with an MEDC through Money

Answer 21

When a natural disaster occurs MEDC can cope with the devastation as they have money and also with that they can prepare and predict to prevent lots of damage however since LEDC don’t have the money they suffer more and unfortunately lose more people.