volcanoes

Question 1

composite volcanoes

Answer 1

• composition: felsic to intermediate rock
• explosive eruptions
• viscous lava = quick solidification + layered ash = steep slopes, cone shape

Question 2

shield volcanoes

Answer 2

• shallow and wide structure
• common at spreading centres or hot spots
• low viscous lava = fluid and flows easily
• non-explosive

Question 3

cinder cones

Answer 3

• most common volcano
• smaller than composite volcanoes (300m tall)
• composed of small fragments of rock layered
• composition depends on composition of lava etc ejected from volcano
• found near large volcanoes

Question 4

caldera

Answer 4

large hole from explosive eruption into which mountain collapse

Question 5

hot spots

Answer 5

an areas of intense volcanic activity where a mantle plume reaches the earth’s surface causing eruptions
located away from plate margins
ocean floor moves over hot spot 5inches annually -> heats magma = volcano
EX - Hawaii

Question 6

seamounts

Answer 6

volcanic, inactive, and small rock

Question 7

super volcanoes

Answer 7

• volcanic centre has had eruption of magnitude 8 on VEI
• erupts more than 1000km3 of material
• x1000 larger than regular eruptions
• giant caldera-forming volcanoes - produce large amounts of pyroclastic eruptions
• creates huge depressions > composite cones
• evidence: extent and depth of ash layers and paleo-biology