managing risks from volcanic eruptions

Question 1

who is responsible to manage risks

Answer 1

government 
intergovernmental organisations - WOVO
scientists 
NGOs
locals

Question 2

government responsibilities

Answer 2

• all scale of governments
• provide money, directives and stability
• provide information
• examples -> FEMA, USGS, JMA

Question 3

WOVO

Answer 3

• world organisation of volcano observatories

- monitor

Question 4

scientists

Answer 4

• provide research and monitoring capacity

- government funded

Question 5

NGOs

Answer 5

• charities, humanitarian relief organisations

- providing essential food or water aid / donations managing affects

Question 6

locals

Answer 6

• preparation
• first aid training, emergency kits (go bags)
• updated knowledge and education on volcanic activity

Question 7

areas needed to be managed

Answer 7

• the event
• vulnerability
• losses

Question 8

strategies to mitigate the events outcomes

Answer 8

• lava diversion channels
• identify hazardous areas - hazard mapping
• monitoring signs of increase volcanic unrest = ability to predict event

Question 9

strategies to mitigate the vulnerabilities risk

Answer 9

• community preparation

Question 10

strategies to mitigate losses

Answer 10

• resume aid
• emergent relief
• emergent plan

Question 11

risk calculation

Answer 11

risk = hazard x vulnerability x value of risk (divided by) coping capacity

Question 12

reducing risk - identifying hazardous risk

Answer 12

• plans for lands and evacuations = saves lives
• physical attributes recognises: ash cloud radius’
• area/ perimeter and duration of previous eruptions = increase awareness
• infrastructure to provide east evacuation or safe havens: bridges

Question 13

reducing risk - monitoring volcanoes

Answer 13

• early warning signs = increase reaction time
• monitoring earthquakes as increase frequency can = on set of eruption
• monitoring = sufficient planning

Question 14

reducing risk - emergency planning

Answer 14

• calls for public action
• announcement warnings = clear instructions
• can be tested = increase practicalities and efficiencies
• different levels of alert = understanding severity

Question 15

M P P P

Answer 15

Monitoring - using scientific equipment to detect warning signs of events
Prediction - using historical evidence to predict
Protection - mitigation methods
Planning - identifying vulnerabilities and mitigating