VOLCANO MANAGEMENT - EXTRA EXAMPLES

Question 1

Eyjafjallajökul (E15)
2010

Answer 1

EXCELLENT PREDICTION
Monitoring - Tilt levels monitored  early warning of eruption (weeks)
* Hazard mapping  predicted lava flow

Question 1

Mount Ontake - Japan
2014

Answer 1

PREDICTION DIFFICULT
Unpredictable - Even in ACs eruptions cannot always be predicted  deaths

Question 2

Soufiere Hills (Montserrat, Carribean)
1995

Answer 2

COMPLACENCY
 Was not expected to erupt  HIGH perception of safety
 Now one of most monitored volcanoes in world & base for research

Question 3

Pinnatubo (Philippines - EDC)
June 1991

Answer 3

*POST ERUPTION –>
Monitoring - a JV with USA scientists–> early warning
* Government able to order evacuation  saved lives

Question 4

Merapi (Indonesia)
2010

Answer 4

POST ERUPTION
government has adopted a lahar monitoring /warning/ evacuation system in place tracking system.