Etna - Italy - MANAGEMENT - AC

Question 1

INTOR VIDEO

Answer 1

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Nwd5cqQs9k

Question 2

Mount Etna - LOCATION

Answer 2

• Located in Sicily, Italy
• One of the most active volcanoes with significant activity in 1991-1993, 2001 & 2002

Question 3

What type of Plate Boundary

Answer 3

Convergent Boundary where the African plate subducts under the Eurasian plate

Question 4

Nature of Eruptions

Answer 4

Mount Etna’s eruptions are primarily driven by the subduction of the African Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate1.
This process involves the African Plate moving beneath the Eurasian Plate, which leads to magma from the Earth’s mantle rising through the subduction zone2.
This magma eventually reaches the surface through the volcano’s vents and fissures1.

Strata Volcano with 3 active craters and cinder cones
* Variety of eruptions including effusive (2001) and explosive (2002)

Question 5

What type of Hazards

Answer 5

• Basaltic lava lakes
• Strombolian eruptions (long-lasting)
• Ash and lava production

Question 6

Reasons for Settlement Near Mount Etna

Answer 6

• Extremely fertile soils ideal for agriculture (citrus fruit)
• Tourism attraction due to the volcano’s activity
• Large established community

Question 7

Strategies to Modify Event

Answer 7

• Lava Diversion: “Operation Volcano Buster” in 1991-1993 involved creating a barrier and using explosions & concrete blocks to divert lava flow

Question 8

Strategies to Modify Vulnerability

Answer 8

• Monitoring & prediction: National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV) uses 150 monitoring stations
• Preparation & education: Volcano Risk Service (CFCRV) has developed an alert-level sequence and provides detailed plans to schools & communities

Question 9

Strategies to Modify Loss

Answer 9

• Recovery & reconstruction efforts to rebuild and restore services and infrastructure
• Financial Aid: Grants and financial compensation schemes

Question 10

Imoact of its AC. status

Answer 10

• Infrastructure & Preparedness: Italy has resources to invest in robust infrastructure and advanced volcano monitoring systems
• Economic Resilience: Despite disruption, Italy can withstand economic shock
• Tourism Boost: Eruption publicity boosts tourism
• Strong Governance: Coordinated response, well-educated people, well-resourced emergency services, and continual response assessment