Iceland - AC - IMPACTS

Question 1

INTRO VIDEO Eyjafjallajökull

Answer 1

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjVfkooyT6k

Question 2

Where is E15 located

Answer 2

Iceland

Question 3

What type of Plate Boundary

Answer 3

Divergent, specifically the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

Question 4

What was nature/CAUSE of eruption

Answer 4

The North American Plate drifting from the Eurasian Plate along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, creating a magma reservoir beneath the volcano.

As the plates moved apart, magma filled the magma chamber below Eyjafjallajökull1.

The eruption was QUITE explosive and violent eruptions belched huge quantities of ash into the atmosphere.

BASALTIC AND ANDESITE LAVA
A STRATO VOLCANO & fissure SYSTEM leading
to STAGE 1 - effusive eruption
STAGE 2 - EXPLOSIVE
Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 4.

Question 5

Nature of HAzards

Answer 5

Ash cloud reaching 5 miles up into the air
Lava flows
Flooding due to glacier melt
Water contamination from ash

Question 6

How was the Eyjafjallajökull eruption managed?

Answer 6

E15 was well monitored using tilt metrics.
The eruption was predicted two months ahead.
A disaster plan was in place.

Question 7

: Why do people choose to live near Eyjafjallajökull despite its hazards?

Answer 7

Natural beauty & landscape
Geothermal Energy for domestic & industrial use
Tourism
Fertile soil for grazing pastures

Question 8

what were human, physical and economic factors which affected scale

Answer 8

Unsettled weather magnified ash cloud impacts.
low population density
high preparedness
Highly developed AC & growth economy
Low levels of inequality

Question 9

What were the social imacts

Answer 9

The eruption led to the evacuation of around 800 people due to the flooding from the melted glacier1.

The ash cloud created by the eruption caused day to turn into night and led to respiratory illnesses for some locals.

Question 10

what were the econmic imoacts

Answer 10

The eruption caused major disruption to aviation across the region with over 100,000 flights cancelled, affecting around 10 million travellers.

The airline industry alone lost £130 million a day due to airspace closure, totalling an estimated $1.7 billion

Question 11

what were the environmental imoacts

Answer 11

The eruption created a massive ash cloud that turned day to night

Melting glaciers caused flooding in the nearby areas

Question 12

what were the political impacts

Answer 12

The eruption affected the economic, political and cultural activities in Europe and across the world.

The incident underscored the importance of preparedness, monitoring, and international cooperation in minimizing the effects of such natural disasters.

Question 13

How did Icelands AC status affect the impacts

Answer 13

1. Infrastructure & Preparedness
   Iceland had infrastructure & resources to monitor volcano & implement evacuation plans.
2. Economic Resilience
   Despite huge disruption it was able to withstand economic shocks.
   Other sectors carried on functioning even though airline sector shut.
3. Tourism Boost
   Eruption Able to capitalise on Publicity Tourism $$
4. Strong Governance
   Coordinated response & people educated so knew what to do.
   Services well trained & well resourced
   Assed response improvements in future