Volcanic theory 1

Question 1

Which plate boundaries are associated with volcanoes and earthquakes?

Answer 1

Volcanoes: Found at destructive, constructive, and hot spots.

Earthquakes: Found at all plate boundaries (destructive, constructive, conservative, and collision).

Question 2

What is the difference between active, dormant, and extinct volcanoes?

Answer 2

Active: Erupting or has erupted recently (e.g., Mount Etna).

Dormant: Hasn’t erupted for a long time but could erupt again (e.g., Mount Fuji).

Extinct: Will never erupt again (e.g., Arthur’s Seat in Scotland).

Question 3

Composite:

Answer 3

Steep-sided, tall.
Alternating layers of ash and lava.
Explosive eruptions.
Example: Mount St. Helens.

Question 4

Shield:

Answer 4

Wide and gently sloping.
Runny, basaltic lava.
Effusive eruptions.
Example: Mauna Loa, Hawaii.

Question 5

Lava Dome:

Answer 5

Small, steep-sided.
Thick, viscous lava.
Explosive eruptions.
Example: Mount Pelee.

Question 6

Why do these differences exist between volcano types?

Answer 6

Basaltic lava (shield volcanoes): Low viscosity, flows easily.

Andesitic/rhyolitic lava (composite and lava dome): High viscosity, traps gases, leading to explosive eruptions.