Earthquake theory 2 Flashcards
What are the primary and secondary hazards associated with earthquakes?
Primary hazards: Ground shaking, surface rupture.
Secondary hazards: Landslides, tsunamis, liquefaction, and fires.
What are the short-term impacts of earthquakes?
Death and injuries.
Collapsed buildings and infrastructure.
Displacement of people.
What are the long-term impacts of earthquakes?
Economic loss.
Psychological trauma.
Slow rebuilding of infrastructure.
What factors exacerbate the impact of an earthquake?
Population density.
Building quality and design.
Proximity to the epicentre.
Depth of the earthquake.
Emergency response capacity.
Time of day (e.g., during sleep).
What is the disaster cycle for earthquakes?
Disaster: Earthquake occurs.
Short-term response: Emergency aid, search and rescue.
Longer-term planning: Risk assessment, hazard mapping, rebuilding.
Preparation: Building design, warning systems, evacuation drills.
How can we prepare for earthquakes?
Warning and evacuation systems: Detect early seismic activity.
Building design: Earthquake-resistant buildings.
Remote sensing and GIS: Map risks and vulnerabilities.
What is involved in short-term earthquake responses?
Emergency aid (food, water, medical care).
Temporary shelters.
Clearing debris for rescue operations.
What is involved in long-term earthquake planning?
Risk assessment and hazard mapping.
Rebuilding programmes with better infrastructure.
Education and community preparedness.
