Volcanic Hazards A-Level Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the primary volcanic hazards? (5 hazards)

A

Pyroclastic flows, tephra, nuée ardente, ash fallout and volcanic gases.

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2
Q

What are the secondary volcanic hazards? (4 hazards)

A

Lahars, volcanic landslides, tsunamis and acid rain.

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3
Q

What is a pyroclastic flow?

A

A mixture of hot rock. lava, ash and gases rising rapidly from a volcanic eruption.

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4
Q

What is a tephra?

A

Rock fragments ejected during volcanic erruptions.

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5
Q

What is a nuée ardente?
(“Glowing cloud”)

A

A type of pyroclastic flow. A dense, rapidly moving cloud of hot gases, ashes and lava fragments.

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6
Q

What is a lahar?

A

Destructive mudflow caused by a volcanic eruption.

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7
Q

What is a tsunami?

A

A large wave triggered by seismic activity.

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8
Q

What is acid rain?

A

When volcanoes erupt sulphurous gases, causing acidic rainwater.

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9
Q

What does the term intraplate mean?

A

Meaning in the middle of a plate; away from the plate margins.

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10
Q

What are subduction zones?

A

Where thin, dense oceanic crust is forced beneath the thicker, less dense continental crust at a destructive plate boundary.

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11
Q

What is a shield volcano?

A

A volcano with gently sloping sides and fluid, basaltic lava.

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12
Q

What is a caldera?

A

A large volcanic crater
formed by a highly explosive eruption where the volcano summit is removed.

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13
Q

What are hotspots?

A

Where mantle plumes rise up from areas of thin crust.

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