Tectonic Hazards Flashcards
What are the 2 types of crust?
Thin, dense oceanic crust.
Thick, less dense continental crust.
Plates move in relation to each other due to what?
Convection (heat) currents from deep within the Earth.
And gravitational pull.
At a constructive margin, plates move ________ due to ________.
apart
gravity
At a destructive margin, the __________ plate sinks beneath the ______________ plate.
oceanic
continental
At a conservative margin, plates ______ __________ each other.
slide against
What is a hot spot?
Where volcanoes can form because the crust is thin and magma can break through the surface.
At constructive margins where magma is very ____ and ______, lava erupted from a volcano will flow _______________ before cooling.
Forming broad, flat __________________.
hot
fluid
long distances
shield volcanoes
At destructive margins, the ____________ sinks beneath the ________________ and _______ during friction.
Creating a ___________ magma that breaks through the surface to form ______________________________.
ocean plate
sinks
continental plate
melts
less fluid
steep-sided composite volcanoes
True or false: Two continental plates at a destructive margin can form volcanoes?
False. There is no subduction (oceanic plate sinking beneath the continental plate).
The two plates collide to form mountains instead.
What was the Chile earthquake in 2010 on the Richter scale?
8.8
What was the Nepal earthquake in 2015 on the Richter scale?
7.9
What margin did the 2015 Nepal earthquake and 2010 Chile earthquake occur on?
The destructive margin.
What are 2 primary effects of the 2010 Chile earthquake?
500 people killed.
220, 000 homes destroyed.
What are 2 primary effects of the 2015 Nepal earthquake?
9000 people killed.
3 million people left homeless.
What is a secondary effect of the 2010 Chile earthquake?
1500 km of roads cut-off by landslides, blocking off remote communities.
What is a secondary effect of the 2015 Nepal earthquake?
An avalanche in Langtang left 250 people left missing.
What is an immediate response to the 2010 Chile earthquake?
Power and water restored to 90% of homes within 10 days.
What is an immediate response to the 2015 Nepal earthquake?
Helicopters rescued many people caught in avalanches at Mount Everest
and delivered supplies to remote villages.
What is an long-term response to the 2010 Chile earthquake?
Over 7000 schools to be rebuilt/ repaired.
What is an long-term response to the 2015 Nepal earthquake?
The government released a housing reconstruction plan to help 200,000 households affected by the earthquake.
Geothermal energy is used to generate what percent of Iceland’s electricity?
25%
How does Iceland’s dramatic landscape help the economy?
By tourism which provides local jobs.
What are the 4 ways risks from tectonic hazards can be reduced?
Monitoring
Prediction
Protection
Planning
What are 2 ways to monitor tectonic hazards?
Remote sensing by satellites detecting heat changes of a volcano.
Seismographs which record earthquakes.
What are 2 ways to protect populations from tectonic hazards?
Digging embankments to divert lava flow.
Building earthquake proof structures.
What are 2 ways of planning for tectonic hazards?
Hazard maps to identify areas of evacuation if an eruption occurs.
Maps to identify areas most at risk from earthquake damage.
