Urban challenges and opportunities (Rio) Flashcards
What is urbanisation?
The increasing percentage of the population
living in towns and cities.
What are the two reasons cities grow?
Rural-urban migration and natural increase.
Outline one reason why rates of natural increase are high in many cities
in LIC/NEEs.
There is _________________ so more ____________________ and the ____________________, leading to natural increase.
better healthcare
more children survive
population grows
Why do immigrants move to large cities?
For more job opportunities.
What is natural increase?
When the birth rate is higher than the death rate.
What 2 things cause a lower death rate?
- Smaller proportion of older people.
- Improvements in healthcare.
What are the type of urban growth challenges?
Healthcare, education, water supply and energy.
What are 2 push factors from the countryside?
Subsistence farming leaves little to sell and make profit.
Only a very basic level of education provided by schools.
What are 2 pull factors to the city?
Better paid jobs.
Family and friends already live there.
Why has Rio’s population grown rapidly?
Because people carry out rural-urban migration in search of jobs.
What are the 3 types of mega-cities?
Slow-growing.
Growing.
Rapid growing.
What is 1 effect faced by LICS/ NEES as a result of poor road quality?
Roads are poor quality, meaning that people drive more slowly.
What is 1 problem faced by LICS/ NEES as a result of traffic congestion?
Traffic moves very slowly, so more people are late to work.
What is a favela?
An illegal settlement, (when people build on land that’s not their own).
What is Rio’s favela we are studying called?
Rocinha favela.
What are the 4 challenges in favelas?
Poor construction,
high crime rate,
unemployment
and poor healthcare.
What is the statistic for the population that have a local family health clinic?
Only 55% of Rio.
What is the statistic for the poorest children that can’t go school in Rio?
25% of the poorest children.
What is the statistic for lost water and how is it lost?
37% of water is lost through leaky pipes, fraud and illegal access.
Why is Rio nationally important to Brazil?
Because it has a ________________ with important ________________ and ________________ industries.
major trading port
oil refining
ship building
Why is Rio internationally important (1 reason)?
A major tourist destination.
What are the economic opportunities in Rio/ with a statistic?
Because of the dense population, there are more employment opportunities. Provides 6% of employment in Brazil.
What are the statistics for deaths of air pollution per year?
5000 deaths per year.
What is one way Rio has reduced traffic congestion/ air pollution?
Expansion of the metro system under the Guanabara Bay.
What is one way transport improved in Complexo do Alemão during the Favela Bairro Project?
Installation of a cable car where inhabitants are given one free return ticket a day.
What are the statistics for water pollution in Guanabara Bay?
700 tonnes of raw sewage is poured into Guanabara Bay.
The budget for the Favela Bairro project is $____________.
1 billion
What is the name of the hydropower project that increases Rio’s supply of electricity by 30%?
Simplício Hydroelectric Complex.
What are the 2 types of economy?
Formal economy.
Informal economy.
What is an informal economy?
Economic activities that are not regulated or protected by the state.
True or false: Workers in an informal economy pay taxes and the government receives income from them.
False.
How does an industrialised area provide development in the surrounding area of the city?
1.
2.
3.
- Attracts other industries to the area.
- Provides money for public services.
- Attracts foreign investment.
