Coasts Flashcards
What are the 4 types of mass movement?
Rockfall, landslide, mudflow and slump.
What is mass movement?
The downward movement of material under the influence of gravity.
What are the 3 types of weathering?
Mechanical, biological and chemical.
What is rockfall?
Fragments of rock that break away from a cliff-face.
What is a landslide?
Blocks of rock that slide downhill.
What is mudflow?
When saturated soil and weak rock flow down a slope.
What is a slump?
A mass of saturated soil and weak rock along a curved slip plane.
What is the difference between a constructive and destructive wave in frequency?
Destructive has a higher wave frequency.
Constructive has a lower wave frequency.
What are the 4 types of coastal erosion?
Attrition, hydraulic action, abrasion or solution.
What is attrition?
When rocks/ pebbles knock into each other. Causing rocks to erode.
What is abrasion?
When pebbles grind against a rock-platform like sandpaper. Over time, the rock becomes smooth.
What 2 conditions are needed for sand dunes to develop?
Wide sandy beaches as a supply of good sediment.
Strong onshore winds to transport sand.
How do dunes develop over time?
_________________ form around obstacles.
Then _____________ by vegetation to form ____________ and _____________________.
_______________ form by accumulation of organic matter making dunes more ___________.
_______________ form due to wind making ________________ in the sand.
Embryo dunes
stabilised
foredunes
tall yellow dunes
Back dunes
fertile
Dune slacks
depressions
How is a spit formed?
Needs __________________ and a __________________ to form a ______________________ jutting out onto the sea.
The __________________ makes the sediment ________, forming a ________.
The _______________ deposits material, creating a _____________ behind the spit.
longshore drift
prevailing wind
stretch of sediment
secondary wind
bend
hook
river mouth
saltmarsh
What is a tombolo?
A spit connecting the mainland to an island.
What is a bar?
A spit grown across a bay, trapping a lagoon behind it.
Explain how different coastal landforms are created by erosion.
The sea attacks the ______ of the cliff and begins to erode cracks through ____________________________.
Gradually, the cracks _________ and develop into caves. The cave furtherly erodes until an _______ forms.
The combination of the _____________ at the base of the arch and ________________________ causes the structure to __________. Until the arch collapses due to gravity.
Leaving a _________, which continually erodes and then collapses to form a _______.
foot
hydraulic action and abrasion
get larger
arch
wave attack
weathering of the arch roof
weaken
stack
stump
Explain how a coastline of headlands and bays forms and changes over time. (4)
A ____________________ has bands of hard rock and soft rock. The softer rock will erode at _____________ and _______________ than the hard rock.
Over thousands of years, the softer rock will erode more quickly than the harder rock to form _____________________________ and _____________________________.
A ____________________ may develop from headlands retreating while ___________ may develop in bays because of ______________________.
discordant coastline
right angles
retreat faster
headlands jutting out to the sea
bays where land retreats back
wave cut platform
beaches
wave refraction
What is a case study of 3 chalk formations including a stack and stump?
Old Harry Rocks off the coast of Dorset, South England.
