Vol.4-Ch.1 "Trauma and Trauma Systems"

Question 1

Trauma accounts for what % of EMS calls?

Answer 1

30%

Question 2

Trauma is the _____ leading cause of death.

For what age range is it the number 1 cause of death, accounting for _____ % of deaths in that age group?

Answer 2

Trauma is the __3rd__ leading cause of death.

For ages 1-44 years old trauma is the number 1 cause of death, accounting for __47%__ % of deaths in that age group?

Question 3

What are the two main categories of traumas?

Answer 3

Penetrating and Blunt (does the object enter the body or not)

Question 4

What % of traumas are actually life threatening?

Of the ones that are life threatening, where is the trauma usually located? (2)

Answer 4

10%

Head or Torso

Question 5

What is surveillance?

Answer 5

The process of collecting data in order to identify the existence, significance, and characteristics of disease.

Question 6

What is Epidemiology?

Answer 6

The study of diseases based on surveillance

Question 7

What is the Haddon Matrix and what does is compare and look at/for? (6)

Answer 7

It is a 3x3 chart used to identify risk factors for disease.

It looks at :

• Pre-event (factors/conditions existing pre-event)
• Event (factors that occur during event)
• Post-event (factors that occur after that make it worse)

and:

• Host (victim(s))
• Agent (kinetic force)
• Environment

Question 8

What is risk analysis?

Answer 8

A process to examine a disease and determine the various factors that affect its development, course, and consequences.

Question 9

Alcohol is related to what % of traffic fatalities?

Answer 9

50%

Question 10

What is intervention development?

Answer 10

The development or modification of programs to reduce both the incident and the seriousness of trauma

Question 11

What is implementation?

Answer 11

The act of placing and enforcing an intervention into practice

Question 12

What is evaluation?

Answer 12

Repeating the surveillance phase after an intervention is implemented in order to assess its benefits and effectiveness

Question 13

What is a teachable moment?

Answer 13

A moment in an EMS call where you can politely suggest that a certain lifestyle change may help prevent a repeat of the traumatic event. (like suggesting to not drink and drive)

Question 14

What was the act made in 1990 that established guidelines, funding, and state level leadership and support for trauma systems?

Answer 14

Trauma Care Systems Planning and Development Act of 1990

Question 15

A level 1 trauma center (AKA _____?) is?

Answer 15

AKA a REGIONAL trauma center, is totally dedicated to traumas and can do very specialized surgeries; it also delegates resources to lower level centers as needed

Question 16

A level 2 trauma center (AKA _____?) is?

Answer 16

AKA an AREA trauma center, can do common surgeries (not specialized ones), and takes in most Pts who need surgery. They will also stabilize Pts who need to go to a level 1 center

Question 17

A level 3 trauma center (AKA _____?) is?

Answer 17

AKA a COMMUNITY trauma center, has surgical capability but mostly has trained staff who can stabilize a PT for transport to a level 1 or 2 center

Question 18

A level 4 trauma center (AKA _____?) is?

Answer 18

AKA a trauma facility or “critical access hospital”, is able to stabilize PTs for transport. Usually only option in rural areas

Question 19

What are specialty centers?

Answer 19

Centers or facilities that have specialized capabilities that do not reflect their trauma care level, such as places that have neurocenters, burn centers, peds center, etc

Question 20

For those Pts that meet trauma triage criteria, the appropriate facility is ______?

Answer 20

The nearest facility

Question 21

What are the 4 steps to a trauma assessment?

Answer 21

• scene survey
• primary assessment
• secondary assessment (rapid or focused)
• periodic assessments

Question 22

What is the index of suspicion?

Answer 22

A mental summation of suspected injuries based on your event analysis

Question 23

Primary assessment of a trauma Pt includes? (4)

Answer 23

• initial impression
• determining C-spine
• ABCs
• determining Pt priority of care and transport

Question 24

What factors determine if a C-spine is necessary? (4)

Answer 24

If your Pt has any of the following they need C-spine:

• Abnormal mental status
• Spinal point tenderness
• Neurological deficits
• No distracting injuries

Question 25

If you suspect a cardiac arrest, what changes in the ABCs?

Answer 25

You would check circulation first if cardiac arrest is suspected

Question 26

What is the CUPS system used for? Stand for?

Answer 26

CUPS is used for determining Pt priority

Critical
Unstable
Potentially Unstable
Stable

Question 27

What does each of the CUPS classes include?

Answer 27

Critical - Unable to secure ABCs
Unstable - Barely able to secure ABCs?
Potentially Unstable - Able to secure ABCs but weak?
Stable - Limited injuries and breathing/pulse is strong

Question 28

What kind of assessment should a stable Pt get; what about an unstable or potentially unstable Pt?

Answer 28

If the Pt is stable they should get a focused assessment of the injury

If the Pt is unstable or potentially unstable they should first get a rapid assessment (head to toe) and if an injury is suggested then you can perform a focused assessment

Question 29

Reassessment includes?

Answer 29

Trending any primary or secondary assessment findings that indicated injury as well as a set of vital signs every 15 minutes for a stable Pt and every 5 for an unstable Pt

Question 30

What is the Golden Period? (what did it use to be called?)

Answer 30

It is the first hour from incident to surgery; previously called the Golden Hour

Question 31

How long should you take to provide primary and secondary assessment, emergency stabilization, patient packaging, and initiation of transport?

Answer 31

10 minutes

Question 32

What state should your Pt be in, in order for you to consider and air evac?

Answer 32

The Pt should be fairly stable, because the tight space and loud noise on the flight makes care difficult

Question 33

What does the Trauma Triage Criteria consider? (4)

Answer 33

• the GCS
• physical findings and/or vital signs
• anatomy of injury
• transport decision tree

Question 34

What is the most cost effective way to reduce trauma morbidity and mortality?

Answer 34

Prevention

Question 35

What is the trauma registry?

Answer 35

A uniform and standardized data collection process by regional trauma centers

Question 36

What is quality improvement and or quality management?

Answer 36

It is another system of examining the ems system performance and where it needs improvement