Vol.4-Ch.1 "Trauma and Trauma Systems" Flashcards
Trauma accounts for what % of EMS calls?
30%
Trauma is the _____ leading cause of death.
For what age range is it the number 1 cause of death, accounting for _____ % of deaths in that age group?
Trauma is the __3rd__ leading cause of death.
For ages 1-44 years old trauma is the number 1 cause of death, accounting for __47%__ % of deaths in that age group?
What are the two main categories of traumas?
Penetrating and Blunt (does the object enter the body or not)
What % of traumas are actually life threatening?
Of the ones that are life threatening, where is the trauma usually located? (2)
10%
Head or Torso
What is surveillance?
The process of collecting data in order to identify the existence, significance, and characteristics of disease.
What is Epidemiology?
The study of diseases based on surveillance
What is the Haddon Matrix and what does is compare and look at/for? (6)
It is a 3x3 chart used to identify risk factors for disease.
It looks at :
- Pre-event (factors/conditions existing pre-event)
- Event (factors that occur during event)
- Post-event (factors that occur after that make it worse)
and:
- Host (victim(s))
- Agent (kinetic force)
- Environment
What is risk analysis?
A process to examine a disease and determine the various factors that affect its development, course, and consequences.
Alcohol is related to what % of traffic fatalities?
50%
What is intervention development?
The development or modification of programs to reduce both the incident and the seriousness of trauma
What is implementation?
The act of placing and enforcing an intervention into practice
What is evaluation?
Repeating the surveillance phase after an intervention is implemented in order to assess its benefits and effectiveness
What is a teachable moment?
A moment in an EMS call where you can politely suggest that a certain lifestyle change may help prevent a repeat of the traumatic event. (like suggesting to not drink and drive)
What was the act made in 1990 that established guidelines, funding, and state level leadership and support for trauma systems?
Trauma Care Systems Planning and Development Act of 1990
A level 1 trauma center (AKA _____?) is?
AKA a REGIONAL trauma center, is totally dedicated to traumas and can do very specialized surgeries; it also delegates resources to lower level centers as needed
A level 2 trauma center (AKA _____?) is?
AKA an AREA trauma center, can do common surgeries (not specialized ones), and takes in most Pts who need surgery. They will also stabilize Pts who need to go to a level 1 center
A level 3 trauma center (AKA _____?) is?
AKA a COMMUNITY trauma center, has surgical capability but mostly has trained staff who can stabilize a PT for transport to a level 1 or 2 center
A level 4 trauma center (AKA _____?) is?
AKA a trauma facility or “critical access hospital”, is able to stabilize PTs for transport. Usually only option in rural areas
What are specialty centers?
Centers or facilities that have specialized capabilities that do not reflect their trauma care level, such as places that have neurocenters, burn centers, peds center, etc
For those Pts that meet trauma triage criteria, the appropriate facility is ______?
The nearest facility
What are the 4 steps to a trauma assessment?
- scene survey
- primary assessment
- secondary assessment (rapid or focused)
- periodic assessments
What is the index of suspicion?
A mental summation of suspected injuries based on your event analysis
Primary assessment of a trauma Pt includes? (4)
- initial impression
- determining C-spine
- ABCs
- determining Pt priority of care and transport
What factors determine if a C-spine is necessary? (4)
If your Pt has any of the following they need C-spine:
- Abnormal mental status
- Spinal point tenderness
- Neurological deficits
- No distracting injuries
If you suspect a cardiac arrest, what changes in the ABCs?
You would check circulation first if cardiac arrest is suspected
What is the CUPS system used for? Stand for?
CUPS is used for determining Pt priority
Critical
Unstable
Potentially Unstable
Stable
What does each of the CUPS classes include?
Critical - Unable to secure ABCs
Unstable - Barely able to secure ABCs?
Potentially Unstable - Able to secure ABCs but weak?
Stable - Limited injuries and breathing/pulse is strong
What kind of assessment should a stable Pt get; what about an unstable or potentially unstable Pt?
If the Pt is stable they should get a focused assessment of the injury
If the Pt is unstable or potentially unstable they should first get a rapid assessment (head to toe) and if an injury is suggested then you can perform a focused assessment
Reassessment includes?
Trending any primary or secondary assessment findings that indicated injury as well as a set of vital signs every 15 minutes for a stable Pt and every 5 for an unstable Pt
What is the Golden Period? (what did it use to be called?)
It is the first hour from incident to surgery; previously called the Golden Hour
How long should you take to provide primary and secondary assessment, emergency stabilization, patient packaging, and initiation of transport?
10 minutes
What state should your Pt be in, in order for you to consider and air evac?
The Pt should be fairly stable, because the tight space and loud noise on the flight makes care difficult
What does the Trauma Triage Criteria consider? (4)
- the GCS
- physical findings and/or vital signs
- anatomy of injury
- transport decision tree
What is the most cost effective way to reduce trauma morbidity and mortality?
Prevention
What is the trauma registry?
A uniform and standardized data collection process by regional trauma centers
What is quality improvement and or quality management?
It is another system of examining the ems system performance and where it needs improvement
