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Step 2 CK > Vol. 3 > Flashcards

Vol. 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Osteomalacia labs

A

Inc. ALP, inc. PTH
dec. Phos, dec. serum Ca, dec. urine Ca
Dec. 25-OH-D

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2
Q

Osteomalacia labs

A

Inc. ALP, inc. PTH
dec. Phos, dec. serum Ca, dec. urine Ca
Dec. 25-OH-D

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3
Q

Friedreich Ataxia

A

Spinocerebellar ataxia

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4
Q

Friedreich Ataxia sxs

A

Gait ataxia, dysarthria, frequent falling, cardiomyopathy, resp. complications, skeletal deformities

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5
Q

Friedreich Ataxia genetic

A

aut. rec.

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6
Q

Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome sxs

A

Midfacial hypoplasia, microcephaly, cleft lip and palate, digital hypoplasia, hirsutism, developmental delay.

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7
Q

HCTZ causes what tox

A

gout (urate retention) and hyperCa, HLD

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8
Q

Chagas dz sx

A

Megacolon/megaesophagus, myocarditis, from Latin America

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9
Q

Chagas dz cause

A

Protozoan Trpanosoma cruzi

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10
Q

Histoplasmosis location

A

Histoplasmosis

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11
Q

Histoplasmosis cause

A

Soil, bird, and bat dropplings

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12
Q

Histoplasmosis sxs in immunocompromised

A

Pancytopenia, HSM, LAD

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13
Q

Histoplasmosis labs

A

Inc. LDH, ferritin, liver enzymes

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14
Q

Histoplasmosis dx

A

Urine or serum antigen

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15
Q

Histoplasmosis tx

A

Itraconazole for mild-mod., ampho B for severe

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16
Q

Tx for nephrolithiasis

A
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17
Q

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome tx

A

Dantrolene, bromocriptine, amantadine (DA agonists)

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18
Q

Mycoplasma skin condition

A

Erythema multiforme

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19
Q

Beta-blocker and CCBs toxicity tx

A

Glucagon

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20
Q

Minimal change dz dx

A

Use steroids, diagnostic and therapeutic

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21
Q

Congeital rubella sxs

A

Triad: Cataracts, PDA, Sensorineural hearing loss

Also see IUGR and purpura

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22
Q

Myotonic dystrophy sxs

A

Cataracts, baldness, testicular atrophy/infertility

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23
Q

Toxic megacolon dx

A

SIRS signs and radiographic evidence of colonic distention

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24
Q

Zinc def. sxs

A

Alopecia, dysgeusia, bullous/pustular lesions, impaired wound healing

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25
Q

Selenium def. sxs

A

Cardiomyopathy

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26
Q

When to biopsy for abnormal uterine bleeding

A

> 45 and all postmenopausal

if

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27
Q

When to biopsy for abnormal uterine bleeding

A

> 45 and all postmenopausal

if

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28
Q

Friedreich Ataxia

A

Spinocerebellar ataxia

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29
Q

Friedreich Ataxia sxs

A

Gait ataxia, dysarthria, frequent falling, cardiomyopathy, resp. complications, skeletal deformities

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30
Q

Friedreich Ataxia genetic

A

aut. rec.

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31
Q

Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome sxs

A

Midfacial hypoplasia, microcephaly, cleft lip and palate, digital hypoplasia, hirsutism, developmental delay.

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32
Q

HCTZ causes what tox

A

gout (urate retention) and hyperCa, HLD

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33
Q

Chagas dz sx

A

Megacolon/megaesophagus, myocarditis, from Latin America

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34
Q

Chagas dz cause

A

Protozoan Trpanosoma cruzi

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35
Q

Histoplasmosis location

A

Histoplasmosis

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36
Q

Histoplasmosis cause

A

Soil, bird, and bat dropplings

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37
Q

Histoplasmosis sxs in immunocompromised

A

Pancytopenia, HSM, LAD

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38
Q

Histoplasmosis labs

A

Inc. LDH, ferritin, liver enzymes

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39
Q

Histoplasmosis dx

A

Urine or serum antigen

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40
Q

Histoplasmosis tx

A

Itraconazole for mild-mod., ampho B for severe

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41
Q

Tx for nephrolithiasis

A
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42
Q

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome tx

A

Dantrolene, bromocriptine, amantadine (DA agonists)

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43
Q

Mycoplasma skin condition

A

Erythema multiforme

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44
Q

Beta-blocker and CCBs toxicity tx

A

Glucagon

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45
Q

Minimal change dz dx

A

Use steroids, diagnostic and therapeutic

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46
Q

Progressive multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

A

JC virus (junky cerebrum)

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47
Q

Myotonic dystrophy sxs

A

Cataracts, baldness, testicular atrophy/infertility

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48
Q

Toxic megacolon dx

A

SIRS signs and radiographic evidence of colonic distention

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49
Q

Zinc def. sxs

A

Alopecia, dysgeusia, bullous/pustular lesions, impaired wound healing

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50
Q

Selenium def. sxs

A

Cardiomyopathy

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51
Q

HIT type 2 cause

A

Abs against heparin-platelet factor 4 complex

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52
Q

When to biopsy for abnormal uterine bleeding

A

> 45 and all postmenopausal

if

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53
Q

MEN1 diseases

A

Pituitary, Parathyroid primary, and Pancreatic

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54
Q

MEN2A diseases

A

Pheo, medullary thyroid cancer, and parathyroid hyperplasia

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55
Q

MEN2B diseases

A

Pheo, MTC, mucosal and intestinal neuromas, marfanoid habitus

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56
Q

Paget’s labs

A

Inc. alk phos, nl serum Ca and phos

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57
Q

Paget’s sxs

A

Frontal bossing, HAs, CN palsies

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58
Q

Cryoglobulinemia sxs

A

Palpable purpura, glomerulonephritis, systemic sxs, arthralgias, hepatosplenomegaly, peripheral neuropathy, and hypocomplementemia

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59
Q

PSC labs

A

Enzymes

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60
Q

PBC abs

A

Anti-mitochondrial

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61
Q

PBC pathology

A

Intrahepatic bile ducts

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62
Q

PBC tx

A

ursodeoxycholic acid

63
Q

Acute/Chronic hepatitis Abs

A

Anti-smooth muscle and LKM

64
Q

Churg-Strauss syndrome and microscopic polyangiitis abs

65
Q

Herpangina sxs

A

Gray vesicles and ulcers on posterior oropharynx

66
Q

Herpangina cause

A

Coxsackie A virus

67
Q

Acute pancreatitis and WBCs

A

Leukocytosis

68
Q

Fibromyalgia tx

A

Tricyclic antidepressants

69
Q

Oxybutynin use

A

Urge incontinence, not stress

70
Q

Tx for Stress incontinence

A

Kegel’s and urethropexy

71
Q

Primary CNS lymphoma appearance

A

Solitary, Weakly enhancing, and periventricular ring-enhancing lesion. EBV DNA in CSF

72
Q

Progressive multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

A

JC virus (junky cerebrum)

73
Q

Increases risk for INtraventricular hemorrhage

A

Low birth weight and prematurity

74
Q

Pseudotumor cerebri palsy

A

CN VI palsy

75
Q

Pseudotumor cerebri drug causes

A

tetracyclines and vit A. excess

76
Q

Osteosarcoma appearance

A

Mix of radiodense and radiolucent areas

77
Q

SLE complement

A

low C3 and C4

78
Q

SLE arthritis

A

non-deforming

79
Q

Breech position correction

A

If present >37 weeks

80
Q

Bernard-Soulier sxs

A

Aut. rec., Absent plt glycoprotein Ib-IV-V, mild thrombocytopenia, GIANT platelets

81
Q

Ziprasidone toxicity

A

QT prolongation

82
Q

Uncong. hyperbili genetic

A

Gilbert and Crigler-Najjar

83
Q

Dubin-Johnson

A

Black liver, benign

84
Q

Rotor

A

Nl looking liver, benign

85
Q

Cause of erysipelas

A

Group A beta-hemolytic strep

86
Q

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia causes

A

Warm vs. Cold agglutinin

87
Q

Warm agglutinin causes

A

Drugs, infections, SLE, immunodeficiency, CLL

88
Q

Warm agglutinin labs

A

Direct coombs + with anti-IgG, anti-C3, or both

89
Q

Warm agglutinin tx

A

steroids, splenectomy

90
Q

Cold Agglutinin causes

A

Mycoplasma, EBC, lymphoproliferative

91
Q

Cold Agglutinin sxs

A

livedo reticularis and acral cyanosis with cold exposure

92
Q

Cold Agglutinin labs

A

Direct Coombs + with anti-C3 or anti-IgM, not usually IgG

93
Q

Cold Agglutinin tx

A

Rituximab +/- fludarabine

94
Q

Fibromyalgia tx

A

Tricyclic antidepressants

95
Q

lead poisoning cells

A

microcytic, basophliic stippling

96
Q

Vasa previa sxs

A

Painless bleeding, only fetal blood

97
Q

Placenta previa sxs

A

Painless bleeding, not as bad bleeding as vasa previa

98
Q

PTU and methimazole tox

A

may cause agranulocytosis, discontinue if fever present

99
Q

Thyrotoxicosis tx

A

propranolol

100
Q

Renal DI drug cause

A

Demeclocycline to cause renal ADH resistance

101
Q

Osteoid osteoma sxs

A

Proximal femur, pain worse at night, highly responsive to NSAIDs for pain, small round lucency, regresses spontaneously

102
Q

Osteosarcoma appearance

A

Mix of radiodense and radiolucent areas

103
Q

Pathognomomic sign of Zollinger-Ellison

A

Jejunal ulcer

104
Q

Etomidate and adrenal

A

Can trigger acute adrenal crisis

105
Q

DIGFAST

A

Distractibility, Impulsivity, Grandiosity, Flight of Ideas, Activity, Sleep, Talkativeness

106
Q

Akathisia tx

107
Q

Lidocaine use in ACS

A

Inc. risk of asystole

108
Q

NPH triad

A

wet, wobbly, wacky

109
Q

AFP increased in…

A

NTDs, ventral wall defects, multiple gestation

110
Q

Ivermectin use

A

Strongyloides and onchocercosis

111
Q

Croup tx

A

Racemic epinephrine before anything else invasive

112
Q

Vaginismus cause

A

Psychological

113
Q

Caput succedaneum location

A

diffuse, ecchymotic, crosses suture lines, portion of head presenting during vertex

114
Q

Pyloric stenosis RFs

A

first-born boys age 3-5 wks

115
Q

pyloric stenosis tx

A

pyloromyotomy

116
Q

AL amyloidosis causes

A

Light chains, Mult. myeloma, Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia, lambda chains

117
Q

AA amyloidosis causes

A

Inflammatory: RA, IBD, chronic inflamm., chronic infxns (osteo, TB), Beta-2 microglobulin, apolipoprotein, transthyretin

118
Q

AA amyloid stain

A

apple-green birefrience on congo red staining

119
Q

Nephrotic syndromes

A

Membranous, FSGS, MCD, amyloidosis

120
Q

Lysosomal Storage Diseases

121
Q

Light’s criteria

A

For exudates:
Pleural fluid protein/serum protein >0.5
Pleural LDH/Serum LDH >0.6
Pleural LDH >2/3 upper limit nl for serum LDH

122
Q

SJS causes

A

sulfa drugs, anticonvulsants, mycoplasma, vaccines

123
Q

Acquired torticollis causes

A

URI, minor trauma, cervical lymphadenitis, also retropharyngeal abscess, atlantoaxial subluxation

124
Q

Polymyositis

A

Slowly progressive prox. weakness of lower extremity

125
Q

Asplenia tx

A

Give PCV13 first than PPSV23 8 wks later

126
Q

How to distinguish primary from secondary adrenal insuff.

A

Look at mineralocorticoid function, still present in central (secondary) insuff.

127
Q

Pyrophosphate crystals

A

Rhomboid shaped, + birefringent

128
Q

Dacrocystitis

A

Lacrimal sac infection

129
Q

Dacrocysitis cause

A

S. aureus, beta-hemolytic strep

130
Q

Negatively birefringence looks like

A

Yellow is north-south (like the continents) blue is east-west (like the oceans on the sides)

131
Q

Endometriosis

A

Pain peaks before menses

132
Q

VACTERL

A

vertebral anomalies, anal atresia, cardiac defects, TE fistula or esophageal atresia, renal and radial anomalies and limb defects

133
Q

CMV retinitis sxs

A

Yellowish-white patches of retinal opacification and retinal hemorrhages

134
Q

CMV retinitis tx

A

Ganciclovir or foscarnet

135
Q

Nl A-a gradient

136
Q

Disseminated gonoccocal infection

A

Triad of tenosynovitis-dermatitis-migratory polyarthrlagias. Or can be purulent arthritis

137
Q

Croup tx

A

Racemic epinephrine

138
Q

Parkinsonism cause

A

Overactive cholinergic and underactive DA neurons

139
Q

anorexia cutoff

140
Q

Anorexia tx

A

CBT or olanzapine if no response

141
Q

Bulimia tx

A

CBT or SSRI

142
Q

Refeeding syndrome

A

Fluid and electrolyte shifts lead to arrhythmias and HF

143
Q

ALL stainin

A

+ TdT, PAS

144
Q

Myeloblasts contain what

A

Peroxidase positive material

145
Q

Rotavirus vaccine tox

A

Inc. intussusception

146
Q

Lymphadenitis cause

147
Q

Rabbits bacteria

A

Franciscella tularensis

148
Q

Peptostreptococcus source

A

hx of periodontal dz

149
Q

Ascites tx

A

Na+ and H20 retention, then spironolactone, then loop, then paracentesis

150
Q

Phenytoin tox

A

horizontal nystagmus

151
Q

Zenker’s pathophys

A

Posterior thru cricopharyneal

152
Q

Leading cause of mitral valve prolapse in developed countries

A

Myxomatous degeneration

153
Q

Number needed to treat

A

Inverse of Absolute Risk Reduction (1/ARR)

Step 2 CK (6 decks)

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