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Step 2 CK > Vol. 1 > Flashcards

Vol. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are GI alarm sxs?

A

Melena, hematemesis, anemia, persistent vomiting, weight loss, dysphagia/odynophagia

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2
Q

Bad prognostic GI risk factors

A

Male >age 50 with chronic (>5 yrs) sxs

Tobacco use

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3
Q

Small-Intestine bacterial overgrowth sxs

A

Abd. bloating, flatulence, diarrhea

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4
Q

Bac. overgrowth dx

A

jejunal aspirate >10^5 organisms/mL

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5
Q

Progression of DM nephropathy

A
  1. Glomerular hyperfiltration
  2. Thickening of GBM
  3. Mesangial Expansion
  4. Nodular Sclerosis
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6
Q

steroid induced folliculitis

A

looks like pimples but no comedones. found on face, trunk, and extremities

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7
Q

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura pathophys

A

IgA mediated, leading to IgA nephrpathy

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8
Q

HSP labs

A

Nl plts, coags, nl to Inc. Cr, hematuria +/- RBC casts +/- proteinuria

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9
Q

HSP tx

A

supportive (NSAIDs and hydration)

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10
Q

HSP cause

A

after mild infection

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11
Q

HSP sxs

A

arthralgias, colicky abd. pain, renal dz, ?dependent purpura

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12
Q

Hep B and nephrotic

A

Membranous nephropathy

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13
Q

PCOS tx

A

First line: Weight loss + Combo OCTs for hyperandrogenism by blocking LH. Add metformin

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14
Q

S. bovis is also

A

Strep gallolyticus. Colorectal CA.

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15
Q

PMS sxs

A

bloating, fatigue, headaches, and breast tenderness that begin 1-2 week prior to menses and go away when menses start

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16
Q

Chagas dz cause

A

Trypanosoma cruzi. Protozoal

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17
Q

Chagas dz sxs

A

megaesophagus, megacolon, and cardiomegaly

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18
Q

When to biopsy for AUB

A

Persistent sxs, age >45, RFs for endometrial cancer

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19
Q

SBO sxs

A

N/V
Abd. bloating
Dilated loops on X-ray

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20
Q

Beck’s Triad

A

Distant Heart Sounds
Distended Jugulars
Hypotension

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21
Q

Which drug for hyperthyroidism

A

Use methimazole, PTU associated with hepatic failure risk

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22
Q

Intrahepatic cholestasis dz

A

PBC

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23
Q

Midgut Volvulus sxs

A

Neonate (

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24
Q

Tx for spontaneous abortion

A

Expectant management, but if hemodynamically unstable do D&E

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25
Q

Spontaneous abortion and Misoprostol?

A

can use??

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26
Q

Craniopharyngioma appareance on mri

A

cystic calcified parasellar mass

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27
Q

Craniopharyngioma tx

A

surgery

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28
Q

Craniopharyngioma sxs

A

young boy with inc. ICP and bitemporal hemianopsia

29
Q

epiglottitis bugs

A

H. flu and Strep pyo

30
Q

diffuse esophageal spasm on x-ray

A

corkscrew esophagus, nl LES tone

31
Q

MEN1 diseases

A

Pituitary adenomas, Gastrinomas, and Primary PTH

32
Q

MEN2a diseases

A

Pheochromocytomas, Medullary Thyroid Ca, Parathyroid adenoma

33
Q

MEN2b diseases

A

Pheos, Medullary Thyroid Ca, Marfanoid habitus and neuromas

34
Q

Hydatid cyst cause

A

Echinococcus granulomas

35
Q

Hydatid cyst source

A

Dogs, also from sheep?

36
Q

Hydatid cyst appearance

A

Cystic, unilocular cysts with eggshell calcifications

37
Q

Hydatid cyst tx

A

Surgically resect under albendazole to prevent anaphylactic shock

38
Q

Hydatid cyst vs. Amebic liver abscess

A

Ameba have fever, RUQ pain, no eggshell calcifications on CT

39
Q

When to tx COPD

A

PaO2

40
Q

Meniere’s sxs

A

Low freq., sensorineural hearing loss
Tinnitus
Vertigo

41
Q

Meniere’s prevention

A

Avoid alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, high salt foods

42
Q

Meniere’s tx

A

low salt diet

43
Q

Follicular thyroid CA under microscope

A

looks like follicular adenoma, only difference is invasion of capsule and blood vessels

44
Q

Follicular thyroid CA spread

A

hematogenous, to lung, brain, and bone

45
Q

Follicular thyroid CA encapsulated or not?

A

Encapsulate

46
Q

Papillary Thyroid CA epi

A

MCC thyroid CA

47
Q

Papillary Thyroid CA spread

A

lymphatic, lymph nodes

48
Q

Papillary Thyroid CA histo

A

large cells with ground glass, pale nuclei with inclusion bodies. These cells look Nasty

49
Q

Papillary Thyroid CA prog.

A

very good

50
Q

Papillary Thyroid CA encapsulated?

A

Unencapsulated

51
Q

Papillary Thyroid CA key histo sign

A

Psammoma Bodies

52
Q

Medullary Thyroid CA secretes

A

Calcitonin

53
Q

Hurthle Cells and Thyroid CA

A

Either follicular or papillary CAs.

54
Q

Hurthle Cell CA

A

variant of Follicular Cell CA

55
Q

primary amenorrhea

A

no menses by age 15

56
Q

tx for rosacea

A

metronidazole topical

57
Q

Major depression dx

A

> /= 5 of 9 SIGECAPS including anhedonia or bad mood for >2 wks

58
Q

Kartagener’s triad

A

Situs inversus, Recurrent sinusitis, Bronchiectasis

59
Q

Preeclampsia definition

A

New-onset elevated BP at >20 wks gestation AND proteinuria OR end-organ damage

60
Q

Elevated BP before 20 wks gestation =

A

Preexisting HTN

61
Q

Gestational HTN

A

HTN >20 wks, so like preeclampsia, but no significant proteinuria

62
Q

Elevated BP in pregnancy causes

A

Placental abruption, IUGR, preterm birth, C-section inc. rates

63
Q

Cri-du-Chat deletion

A

5p deletion

64
Q

Wolf-Hirschorn mutation

A

deletion of 4p

65
Q

Wolf-Hirschhorn appearance

A

Greek helmet facies

66
Q

DiGeorge Syndrome mutation

A

22q11.2 deletion

67
Q

DiGeorge Syndrome mnemonic

A

CATCH-22

68
Q

CATCH-22 stands for

A

Conotruncal cardiac defects, abn. facies, thymic aplasia/hypoplasia, cleft palate, hypocalcemia

69
Q

Pericardial knock cause and sound

A

Constrictive pericarditis: sounds like middiastolic sound

Step 2 CK (6 decks)

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