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Vol. 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Mesolimbic action of DA antagonists

A

antipsychotic effect

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2
Q

DA effect on prolactin

A

Blocks prolactin

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3
Q

Anterior Mediastinal Masses

A

4 T’s: Thymoma, Teratoma, Thyroid Neoplasm, Terrible Lymphoma

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4
Q

Seminoma Beta-hCG and AFP

A

AFP always nl

beta-hCG elevated in 1/3

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5
Q

What are the nonseminomatous GCTs

A

Yolk sac tumor
Choriocarcioma
Embryonal Carcinoma
Mixed GCT (Teratoma)

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6
Q

Nonseminomatous GCTs AFP and hCG

A

AFP elevated

hCG elevated

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7
Q

Kawasaki dz sxs

A 
>5d fever
b/l nonexudative conjunctivitis (limbal sparing)
mucositis
cervical LAD
Rash
Extremity skin changes
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8
Q

Kawaski dz labs

A

Elev. CRP and ESR, leukocytosis with neutrophilia, sterile pyuria

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9
Q

Baby with inspissated meconium test

A

Sweat chloride testing

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10
Q

Trich discharge appearance

A

yellow-green, frothy, foul

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11
Q

Addison’s sxs

A

fatigue, hyperpigmentation, low BP, low Na, high K, eosinophilia

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12
Q

Addison tests

A

early morning cortisol, ACTH, cosyntropin test

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13
Q

Cosyntropin test is what

A

ACTH analog, test for cortisol rise within an hour

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14
Q

Tests for Cushing’s dz

A

24 hr free cortisol and low dose dexamethasone suppression test

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15
Q

Hazard ratio

A

Ratio of event rate occuring in tx group compared to event rate in the non-tx group

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16
Q

Intention-to-Treat

A

Compares initial randomized group regardless of eventual tx

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17
Q

Lead-time bias

A

Diagnosing dz earlier so survival looks artificially prolonged

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18
Q

Osteomyelitis appearance

A

Central lytic bone defect with surrounding sclerosis (Brodie’s abscess)
Commonly confused with Ewing’s

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19
Q

Ewing’s sarcoma location

A

metaphysis and diaphysis of femur (#1), then tibia and humerus

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20
Q

Ewing’s sarcoma mets to

A

lung and lymph

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21
Q

Ewing’s sarcoma age and gender

A

White males 1st/2nd decade

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22
Q

Ewing’s sarcoma sxs

A

Pain, swelling, erythema, warmth, fevers, leukocytosis, anemia, ESR

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23
Q

Ewing’s sarcoma appearance

A

Lamellated appearance and onion skin periosteal rxn. Endosteal scalloping.
“Onion skinning”
“Moth-eaten” is the worst

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24
Q

Ewing’s sarcoma tx

A

Surgery, rads, and multi drug chemo

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25
3 major mechanical complications of MI
Papillary muscle rupture, LV free wall rupture, IV septum rupture
26
Meconium ileus where
Ileum
27
pH of candida
nl pH (3.8-4.2)
28
Bacterial vaginosis pH
pH>4.5 (bad)
29
Trich pH
pH>4.5 (bad)
30
Causes of PEA
5 H's and T's
31
5 H's and T's
Hyper/hypoK, hypoxia, hypovolemia, H+ ions, hypothermia | Tension ptx, tamponade (cardiac), toxins (narcs, benzos), thrombosis (pulm. or coronary), trauma
32
beta-thal Hb electrophoresis
inc. HbA2 (more alpha chains)
33
alpha-thal Hb electrophoresis
nl Hb
34
RDW
nl in thal, elevated in iron def.
35
Disseminated Mycobacterium Avium Complex sxs
Fever, cough, abd. pain, diarrhea, night sweats, weight loss
36
Lead poisoning acute findings
Basophilic stippling, arthralgias, neurologic, abd. pain, constipation
37
Lead poisoning chronic findings
Same as acute + fatigue, insominia, htn, NEPHROPATHY, reproductive problems, microcytic anemia
38
Didanosine side effect
Pancreatitis
39
Abacavir toxic
related hypersensitivity syndrome
40
Any NRTIs toxicity
lactic acidosis
41
Any NNRTIs toxicity
SJS
42
Nervirapine toxicity
Liver Failure
43
Indinavir toxicity
Induced nephropathy
44
Cavernous sinus thrombosis sxs
HA and b/l periorbital edema, CN III, IV, V, and VI deficits
45
OSA gold std. dx
nocturnal polysomnography
46
How to control confounding
Matching: make both groups have the same number of confounding pts
47
Fluphenazine effect on body temp.
Can cause hypothermia by decreasing shivering
48
When to give Yellow fever vaccine
Sub-Saharan Africa and equatorial S. America
49
Syphilis tx for preggers
Desensitize to Penicillin then ues
50
Syphilis txs
Penicillin, if allergic, doxycycline for 14 d
51
Beck's Triad
Tamponade: Hypotension, Distended Neck Veins, Muffled Heart Sounds
52
Normal osmolarity
290 mOsm/kg
53
How to tx SIADH with sodium
Don't use NS, they'll hold the water and get rid of Na, must use hypertonic
54
Lithium effects on pregnancy
Ebstein anomaly, CV malformation, septal defects
55
Compartment syndrome pressure
>30 mmHg
56
Limbs get ischemia-perfusion injury at what point?
4-6 hrs
57
Autism on MRI
inc. total brain volume
58
OCD on MRI
orbitofrontal and striatum changes
59
Panic disorder on MRI
dec. amygdala vol.
60
PTSD on MRI
dec. hippocampus volume
61
Schizophrenia
Inc. cerebral ventricles
62
FSH or LH levels higher?
FSH, longer half life
63
Premature Ovarian Failure dx
FSH elevation in s/o >3 mo amenorrhea in women
64
Chronic liver dz and Tdap
Give Tdap once instead of Td, then Td q10yrs afterwards
65
Chronic liver dz and pneumococcal vaccine
PPSV23 for younger pts
66
Erythema multiforme and Nikolsky sign
Negative, like impetigo
67
When to electrically cardiovert trachyarrthmia
When hemodynamic instability
68
Type 2 heparin-induced thrombocytopenia heparin exposure length
heparin exposure >5 d
69
Type 2 heparin-induced thrombocytopenia clotting
plts down, but prothrombotic
70
Type 2 heparin-induced thrombocytopenia tx
direct thrombin inhibitors (argatroban, bivalirudin) or fondparinux
71
Type 2 heparin-induced thrombocytopenia dx
Serotonin release assay
72
Multiple Myeloma sxs
Lytic bone lesions, Marrow plasmacytosis, Urine and serum monocolonal proteins, Renal failure, hyperCa, hyperviscosity
73
Botulism sources
Environmental dust and raw honey, California, Pennsylvania, Utah
74
Botulism presentation
Descending flaccid paralysis
75
Neonatal polycythemia labs
Hct>65%
76
Neonatal polycythemia etiology
Mat DM, HTN, smoking, IUGR, delayed cord clamping
77
Neonatal polycythemia scs
resp. distress, cyanosis, hypoglycemia
78
Acute rheumatic fever cause
Group A Strep (strep pyo)
79
Major for Rheumatic Fever
JONES criteria (Joints, Carditis, Subq Nodules, Erythema marginatum, Syndenham's chorea)
80
Renal changes in pregnancy
GFR inc. and BUN and Cr dec.
81
best way to trend liver failure
PT
82
Human monocytic Ehrlichosis labs
Leukopenia and Thrombocytopenia, inc. LDH and liver enzymes
83
Human monocytic Ehrlichosis sxs
RMSF without the spots
84
Human monocytic Ehrlichosis tx
Doxy
85
Riluzole tx
Glutamate inhibitor for ALS
86
Clomiphene use
Estorgen antagonists increases FSH and GnRH release
87
Prolactin and GnRH
prolactin blocks GnRH
88
Toxo in AIDS imaging
multiple ring enhancing lesions in brain CT
89
Toxo in AIDS ppx
bactrim
90
Toxo in AIDS tx
Sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine diagnostic and therapeutic
91
Behcet's dz sxs
Mouth ulcers and genital ulcers and eye inflamm.
92
Behcet's dz tx
Steroids
93
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease histo
Macrovesicular Fat deposition and Peripheral nucleus, looks like AFLD
94
Quadruple screen timing
15-20 weeks (second trimester)
95
Second trimester wks
wk 13-27
96
Trisomy 18 Quadruple screen
Everything down except nl Inhibin A (so AFP, hCG, and estriol down)
97
Trisomy 21 Quadruple screen
Inhibin A and hCG inc. and AFP and estriol dec.
98
NTD/abd. wall defect Quadruple screen
everything nl except AFP which is inc.
99
UTI abx contraindicated
Tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, bactrim
100
Bruton's agammaglobulinemia defect
tyrosine kinase defect in B cells
101
Bruton's agammaglobulinemia sxs
Pyogenic infections after 9 mo., PNA and otitis media, S/ pneumo, and H. flu, males more often
102
Bruton's agammaglobulinemia labs
No B cells
103
Common variable immunodeficiency sxs
Milder, later age (15-35 yrs old), nl B cell count, dec. Ig counts, no sex predom.
104
DKA labs
Bicarb
105
DKA sxs
common abd. pain
106
HHNK sxs
AMS, serum osm >320
107
Hamman sign
Crunching on auscultation
108
Esphageal perforation tx
Only surgery if significant leakage, otherwise abx and supportive care
109
Esophageal perf. pleural
Effusion very high amylase >2500
110
Pseudogout crystals
Positively birefringent crystals, rhomboid? from articular chondrocalcinosis
111
Heberden nodes
DIP in OA
112
Post partum labs
Low grade fever and leukocytosis nl., foul smelling lochia and uterine tenderness is endometritis
113
Aplastic crisis in sickle cells
Not pancytopenia, just low reticulocytes
114
Breath-holding spells dx
Evaluation CBC and ferritin
115
Chikungunya fever location
Central and S. america
116
Chikungunya fever sxs
high fevers and severe polyarthralgias
117
Chikungunya fever tx
supportive care
118
Chikungunya fever labs
Lymphoenia and Thrombocytopenia

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