Voice Disorders-organic

Question 1

Describe reflux laryngitis

Answer 1

Cause by GAstroesophageal reflux (acid coming up from stomach)
Reflux irritates VF (causes VF edema)
Symptoms: heartburn, vocal fatigue, increased throat clearing, throat mucus, acid taste in mouth
HOARSE , breathy voice,
Incomplete closure

Question 2

Describe infectious laryngitis

Answer 2

Caused by bacterial infections,
VF red or swollen
Partial voice loss, hoarseness, breathy, low pitch

Question 3

Laryngeal papilloma

Answer 3

Caused by HPV
Wart like growths on the vocal fold 
Usually unilateral 
Causes incomplete closure 
Hoarse voice, breathy, strained voice 
Absent mucosal wave

THEY ARE REMOVED IN CHILDREN BUT GROW BACK

CAN BE IN TRACHEA OR OROPHARYX

Question 4

Laryngeal web

Answer 4

Congenital or acquired post surgery
Complete closure on anterior 1/3
Posterior 1/3 is used to breath
Increases pitch in infant (detected by high pitch crying)
Voice is hoarse, high pitch, problems sustaining phonation

Question 5

Laryngomalacia

Answer 5

Collapsing on the laryngeal cartilages during inhalation
Laryngeal cartilages are soft
Common in high pitched cry in infants

Common cause of respiratory stridor

Question 6

Laryngeal cleft

Answer 6

The posterior portion of the cricoid is opened
Congenital
Swallowing problems (aspiration, feeding difficulties)
Causes narrowing of the airway
Inspiration/expiration stridor (wheezing)

Question 7

Subglottal stenosis

Answer 7

Narrowing of subglottal tissue
Third most common congenital condition
Signs: excessive chest movement, wheezing, low pitch cough, nostril flaring)

Question 8

Leukoplakia and hyper keratosis

Answer 8

Precancerous lesions
Whitish patches or warty lesions (arise from epithelium )
Caused by: constant irritation to VF from smoking, reflux, pollutants, coughing etc
Can be unilateral or bilateral
Decreased mucosal wave
Irregular glottal closure
Voice is rough and hoarse

Question 9

Sulcus vocalis

Answer 9

Indentation into the upper portion of the vocal fold
Cause is unknown

Type 1: runs entire length of the VF (in SLP ONLY)
Type 2: runs entire length (in SLP AND VL) causes dysphonia
Type 2b: entire SLP AND VL AND TA, causes severe dysphonia

Breathy, hoarse,
Unilateral or bilateral 
Incomplete closure )spindle shape) 
Decreased mucosal wave 
Increased stiffness, reduced mass

Question 10

Laryngeal cancer

Answer 10

Malignant squamous cells
Can be supraglottic, gothic, subglottic
Voice: hoarse, dry, rough, breathy, low pitch
Symptoms: throat pain, globus sensation, shortness of breath, halitosis, problems swallowing
Causes: smoking, alcohol, environmental irritants
More common in men than women
Decreased pitch, increased frequency

Question 11

Describe contact ulcers

Answer 11

Usually unilateral 
At posterior 1/3 of VF
CAUSED by GERD, pho trauma, intubation 
Hoarse, breathy voice, glottal fry 
Pitch decreased
Incomplete closure
Decreased mucosal wave