Laryngeal Anatomy

Question 1

What are the two major functions of the hyoid bone?

Answer 1

Supports the root of tongue

Support the larynx

Question 2

What is the main function of the epiglottis?

Answer 2

Protects airways during swallowing

Question 3

Which cartilage attaches to the epiglottis and where is it attached?

Answer 3

The thyroid cartilage attaches to epiglottis

It’s attached at the thyroid arch via the thyroepiglottic ligament

Question 4

T/F: intrinsic muscles have all of their muscles in the larynx

Answer 4

True

Question 5

T/F: extrinsic muscles have all of their muscles in the larynx

Answer 5

False! They have one muscle in the larynx and the other muscle outside of the larynx

Question 6

Name the ONLY laryngeal abductors

Answer 6

Posterior cricoarytenoids muscle

Question 7

Vocal fold abduction is what?

Answer 7

When the vocal folds open

ADDuction is when the vocal fold closes

Question 8

Do thyrohyoid muscles elevate or depress the larynx?

Answer 8

TRICK QUESTION

It can do either BUT it depends on what the muscles around it are doing

Question 9

Which cranial nerve innervates the posterior cricoarytenoids muscles?

Answer 9

CN X(recurrent laryngeal nerve)

It ALSO inner at the lateral cricoarytenoids and the interarytenoids

Question 10

Which muscles ADDUCT the vocal folds?

Answer 10

Lateral cricoarytenoids AND interarytenoids muscles

Question 11

STUDY INSERTIONS AND ORIGINS OF ALL MUSCLES!!

Answer 11

Use the worksheet created for assignment one!!!

Question 12

Which CN innervates the larynx?

Answer 12

CN X-vagus nerve

Question 13

What two functions are provided by CN X to the larynx?

Answer 13

1. Sensory innervation

2. Motor innervation to intrinsic laryngeal muscles

Question 14

Which two branches of the VAGUS nerve serve the larynx?

Answer 14

Superior laryngeal nerve and the recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 15

What are the three functions of the larynx?

Answer 15

Protects the airway
Phonation
Pressure valving

Question 16

What does the superior laryngeal branch of CN X do?

Answer 16

Internal: sends sensory info from supraglottic area of the larynx

External: motor innervation to the cricothyroid
AND inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Sensory info from inferior pharyngeal constrictors

Question 17

What does the recurrent branch of CN X do?

Answer 17

Motor innervation to ALL intrinsic laryngeal muscles EXCEPT cricothyroid

And sensory from infraglottic larynx

Question 18

Which part of the vocal folds really vibrate?

Answer 18

Superficial layer

Question 19

Name the five layers of the vocal folds

Answer 19

Epithelium- outer layer/thin stiff capsule
Superficial layer-lamina propria
Intermediate layer-Lamina propria
Deep layer lamina propria
Thyroarytenoid layer

Question 20

Name the three layers of the vocal folds

Answer 20

Cover-epithelium and superficial lamina propria
Transition-intermediate and deep lamina propria
Body-vocalis muscle (thyroarytenoid)

Question 21

T/F: does ADDuction occur whenever a voice sound occurs?

Answer 21

True!

Question 22

Which muscles helps with medial addiction?

Answer 22

Thyroarytenoids

This muscle

Question 23

What is the vertical phase difference?

Answer 23

It is when the top of the vocal folds are opening the bottom of the vocal folds are beginning to close

Question 24

How do the vocal fold open AND close? (I.e bottom to top or top to bottom)

Answer 24

Bottom to top AND from anterior to posterior

Question 25

What’s the name of the membrane that connects the thyroid, cricoid and arytenoid cartilages?

Answer 25

Conus elasticus

Goes from the cricoid to the free edge of the vocal cord

Question 26

What is the name of the membrane that goes from the thyroid to the hyoid

Answer 26

The thyrohyoid membrane

Question 27

Name the membrane that goes from the cricoid to the trachea

Answer 27

The cricotrancheal membrane

Question 28

When does the 3 layer lamina develop in children?

Answer 28

By age 15

Question 29

T/F: vocal ligaments are developed in children under 4

Answer 29

False! There is little to no vocal ligaments between the ages of 1-4

Question 30

T/F: arytenoid cartilages are disproportionately large in relation to the other laryngeal cartilages (cricoid and thyroid) in the infant larynx

Answer 30

TRUE