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COMPS > Voice > Flashcards

Voice Flashcards

1
Q

The ____________________adduct the vocal processes and membranous vocal folds, while the ______________________adduct the cartilaginous or posterior glottis

A

lateral cricoarytenoids ; interarytenoids

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2
Q

The cricothyroid muscle is responsible for increases in frequency and is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

False

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3
Q

When the thyroarytenoid muscles contract they

A

shorten the vocal folds, increase medial compression by bulking the vocal folds, can increase or decrease frequency

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4
Q

Changes in the composition of the___________can result in a decreased mucosal wave

A

superficial lamina propria

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5
Q

The deep layer of the laminia propria is composed of mainly elastin fibers and interstitial fluids.

A

False

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6
Q

The basement membrane zone is responsible for attachment of the _________to the ____________.

A

epithelium; superficial lamina propria

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7
Q

The superior laryngeal nerve is a branch of cranial nerve ___and provides motor innervation to _______and carries sensory information from the ______________________.

A

CN X ; the cricothyroid ; supraglottic area

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8
Q

The geniohyoid and mylohyoid muscles are ____________ and function to ______ the hyoid and larynx

A

suprahyoid muscles ; elevate

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9
Q

The recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates _________. Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve is more common on the ______side

A

all laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid ; left

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10
Q

The _________ and _________ muscles have their insertions on the _________ of the ________ cartilage

A

posterior cricoarytenoid and lateral cricoarytenoid ; muscular processes ; arytenoid

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11
Q

Elastic recoil plays an important role in vocal fold closure during vibration

A

True

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12
Q

The aerodynamic force that is responsible for opening the vocal folds is _______, while the aerodynamic force which helps to close the vocal folds is __________ that results from the __________

A

subglottal pressure ; negative pressure ; Bernoulli Effect

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13
Q

The Body - Cover Model of Frequency Control states that during high intensity phonation contraction of the TA muscle

A

will increase pitch as long as the cricothyroid muscle is not at maximum activity

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14
Q

Fundamental frequency of vocal fold vibration depends on

A

vocal fold length, mass, and elasticity

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15
Q

The convergent glottal shape occurs when the vocal folds are _____ and the net tissue velocity (i.e. movement) is ________.

A

opening; outward

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16
Q

In the One Mass Model (Vocal Tract Inertance) of vocal fold vibration, sustained phonation is driven by

A

alternating positive and negative supraglottic and transglottic (intraglottic) pressures

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17
Q

A vocal register is

A

a series of pitches perceived to be of the same timbre or quality, a series of pitches produced in the same physiological manner

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18
Q

Vocal quality (i.e. roughness, breathiness etc.) is determined by

A

degree of glottic closure and periodicity of VF vibration

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19
Q

The mucosal wave is an apparent sliding motion of the vocal fold cover over the vocal fold body.

A

True

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20
Q

In order to produce high vocal intensity (loud phonation)

A

the vocal folds must adduct completely, the closed phase of vibration must be longer than the open phase, respiratory drive must be adequate and subglottal pressure relatively high, the vocal folds must close rapidly

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21
Q

Intrinsic laryngeal muscle tension may be observed during endoscopic exam as

A

anterior - posterior compression, medial-lateral compression, and supraglottic compression or sphinctering

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22
Q

Puberphonia is a ________ disorder and is characterized by _______ phonation.

A

Functional; high pitch

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23
Q

Paradoxical VF Movement occurs when

A

the VFs ADduct during inhalation

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24
Q

Essential Tremor is a/an

A

Neurological disorder

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25
Q

ABductor spasmodic dysphonia is characterized by

A

breathiness and difficulty transitioning from voiceless stops to vowels

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26
Q

Bilateral VF adductor paralysis results in

A

the inability to adduct or close the VFs, risks to airway safety during swallowing

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27
Q

The cause/s of VF granulomas is/are

A

Intubation injury, acid reflux, vocal abuse/misuse

MALES

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28
Q

Sulcus vocalis

A

is a longitudinal groove along the entire medial VF edge, may be due to a ruptured cyst or may be congenital

29
Q

Laryngomalacia

A

results in soft, floppy laryngeal cartilages that collapse into the airway
usually resolves with maturity
is characterized by inspiratory stridor

30
Q

Reinke’s edema is

A

Very often related to smoking

31
Q

Vocal fold nodules are typically

A

Bilateral, occur on Superficial Lamina Propria (SLP)

32
Q

Vocal fold cysts will cause the mucosal wave to be__________ or ________, while Reinke’s edema may cause the mucosal wave to be ________________.

A

Decreased or absent; increased

33
Q

VF hemorrhage will cause increased VF

A

stiffness

34
Q

You are about to perform a videostroboscopic exam on a patient with nodules. What might you expect to observe ?

A

Hourglass closure

35
Q

T/F: Muscle tension dysphonia can occur alone as a primary disorder without the presence of a lesion on the vocal folds or other existing vocal fold pathology, or it can be secondary to primary vocal fold pathology such as vocal fold nodules or vocal fold paralysis.

A

True

36
Q

T/F: A unilateral cerebral stroke can result in unilateral VF paralysis.

A

False

37
Q

T/F: Vocal Fold cysts may be due to vocal abuse/misuse, the result of which is a blocked mucous gland, or they may be congenital.

A

True

38
Q

T/F: During a videostroboscopic exam, the ‘locked’ mode is used to assess the periodicity of VF vibration. If the VF vibration is aperiodic, the VFs will appear to ‘stand still’ and will not change position.

A

False

39
Q

T/F: Phase asymmetry is when the duration of the open phase of the VF vibratory cycle is greater than, or less than, the duration of the closed phase of the vibratory cycle.

A

False

40
Q

T/F: The vocal fold vibration that is recorded and viewed during videostroboscopy is ‘real time’ vocal fold vibration, i.e. you are able to see each individual vocal fold vibration in its entirety.

A

False

41
Q

Laryngeal webs

A

can be congenital, acquired post-surgically, or after trauma
result in stridor
are an organic disorder

42
Q

Which of the following would most typically characterize the vocal quality of a person with Parkinson’s disease?

A

breathy and monotone with decreased loudness

43
Q

Who is LSVT used for?

A

Parkinsons
Cerebral Palsy
TBI

a. Sustained loud /a/
b. Pitch glides up and down
c. Use of loud voice for functional phrases, sentences, paragraphs, conversation
d. Take use of loud voice out of clinic into public settings

44
Q

T/F: VF nodules accounts for 50% of acquired pediatric disorders.

A

True

45
Q

Trauma to the RLN will cause?

A

VF paralysis

46
Q

T/F: adults who had nodules as children have a greater risk for voice problems as an adult.

A

True

47
Q

What are the most common disorders for elderly?

A

Laryngeal cancer (men)
VF paralysis
Edema
Nodules & polyps (> in women)

48
Q

Vocal Function Exercises are used for:

A
  • hyperfunction disorders (phonotrauma, functional disorders)
  • hypofunctional disorders (presbylaryngis, vocal fold paresis, unilateral VF paralysis)
49
Q

Resonance Tx is used for:

A

Hyperfunctional
Hypofunctional

(decrease hyperfunction, decrease VF medial compression; increases loudness/ability to project)

50
Q

Accent method is used for:

A

Hyperfunctional
Hypofunctional

Focuses on abdominal breathing, aspirated vocal onset, rhythmic intonation in speech, appropriate pitch and loudness

51
Q

Flow Phonation is used for:

A

decreases medial compression, decreases laryngeal tension and may eliminate hard glottal attacks

52
Q

Eclectic Voice Therapy is used for:

A

Hyperfunctional

Decrease medial compression of VFs, eliminate muscle tension, increase breath support

53
Q

What is the only muscle innervated by the SLN?

A

cricothyroid

54
Q

What are the 5 vocal fold layers?

A

epithelium, superficial lamina propria, intermediate lamina propria, deep lamina propria, thyroarytenoid

Every Singer is Down Town

55
Q

Characteristics of Nodules.

A

bilateral ant ⅓ post ⅔ , no diplophonia, chronic misuse, hourglass, decreased MW and amp, occur in SLP

56
Q

Characteristics of polyps.

A

superficial lamina propria, typically unilateral, false vocal, diplophonia, sessile/pedunculated, hourglass or irregular, increased or decreased MW

57
Q

Characteristics of Edema.

A

can be unilateral or bilateral, decrease in pitch range, loss of high pitch, dry throat, fatigue, usually complete closure

58
Q

Characteristics of VF hemorrhage

A

decreased pitch, dysphonia/hoarseness, decreased mucosal wave, decreased amplitude of vibration, looks like a “bruise”

59
Q

Characteristics of VF cysts

A

nilateral, women, mucosal wave absent in cyst region, require surgery, decreased loudness, breathy

60
Q

Botox injections are used for?

A

spasmodic dysphonia

61
Q

Unilateral VF paralysis is a lesion to?

A

RLN

62
Q

T/F: A vocal fold cyst always requires surgery?

A

True

63
Q

What type of onset is a polyp?

A

acute onset

64
Q

List the three types of spasmodic dysphonia

A

adductor, abductor, and mixed

65
Q

What is electoglottography?

A

an indirect measurement of VF contact areas

66
Q

What is a jitter?

A

cycle to cycle variation in the frequency, ie. period of vocal fold vibration

67
Q

What is a shimmer?

A

cycle to cycle variation in the amplitude of vocal fold vibration

68
Q

Electomyography is used to….

A

differentiate VF paralysis from arytenoid fixtaion

measure activity in the laryngeal muscles

COMPS (9 decks)

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