Neuro

Question 1

Basal ganglia input is primarily from the ________; most basal ganglia output is to the _______ via the________.

a. thalamus cortex thalamocortical pathways.
b. cortex ; cortex ; thalamus
c. cortex thalamus ; cortex

Answer 1

b. cortex ; cortex ; thalamus

Question 2

Functions of the basal ganglia include all of the following except
Select one:
a. inhibition of unwanted movement
b. smoothing / refining of movements
c. postural control
d. direct input to LMNs for skilled fine movements

Answer 2

d. direct input to LMNs for skilled fine movements

Question 3

The nucleus accumbens is functionally related to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_  and receives input from the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Select one:
 a. thalamus and basal ganglia
 b. basal ganglia ; limbic system 
 c. cortex ; limbic system

Answer 3

b. basal ganglia ; limbic system

Question 4

LMNs have their cell bodies
Select one:
 a. within the spinal cord or brainstem 
 b. in the cortex
 c. outside the spine

Answer 4

a. within the spinal cord or brainstem

Question 5

A complete lesion to a LMN results in
Select one:
a. paralysis on the contralateral side of the body
b. paralysis on the ipsilateral side of the body
c. bilateral paresis

Answer 5

b. paralysis on the ipsilateral side of the body

Question 6

A lesion to the arcuate fasciculus results in
Select one:
a. relatively good language comprehension
b. poor motor production of speech
c. Conduction aphasia
d. all of the above

Answer 6

d. all of the above

Question 7

The direct motor pathway (i.e. pyramidal tract) is comprised of fibers from
Select one:
 a. areas 4, 6 and 3-1-2 
 b. areas 4 and 6
 c. areas 4, 6, 3-1-2 and 5-7

Answer 7

a. areas 4, 6 and 3-1-2

Question 8

Decussation of the corticolspinal pathway occurs at the
Select one:
 a. midbrain
 b. pons
 c. upper medulla
 d. lower level of the medulla

Answer 8

d. lower level of the medulla

Question 9

The internal capsule is
Select one:
 a. inferior to the cerebral peduncles
 b. superior to the corona radiata
 c. superior to the cerebral peduncles

Answer 9

c. superior to the cerebral peduncles

Question 10

The posterior limb of the internal capsule carries
Select one:
 a. affective and emotional information
 b. auditory and visual information
 c. corticospinal fibers
 d. a and b
 e. b and c

Answer 10

e. b and c

Question 11

Incoming sensory fibers from the body periphery cross at
Select one:
 a. the lower medulla 
 b. various levels of the spine
 c. don't cross

Answer 11

b. various levels of the spine

Question 12

The lateral portion of the corticospinal tract carries
Select one:
 a. crossed fibers 
 b. uncrossed fibers
 c. sensory fibers only

Answer 12

a. crossed fibers

Question 13

The right and left temporal lobes are connected by
Select one:
 a. the body of the corpus callosum 
 b. anterior commissure
 c. association fibers
 d. inferior longitudinal fasciculus

Answer 13

b. anterior commissure

Question 14

The corticobulbar tract originates in the cortex and terminates at various levels of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_and innervates the muscles \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Select one:
 a. brainstem ; for speech 
 b. spine ; of the arms, legs and trunk
 c. internal capsule ; for speech

Answer 14

a. brainstem ; for speech

Question 15

The medial geniculate body of thalamus is involved with
Select one:
 a. audition 
 b. vision
 c. motor pathways for the head and neck

Answer 15

a. audition

Question 16

Functions of the thalamus include (mark all that apply)
Choose all that are correct
a. gross sensory interpretation
b. innervation of LMNs
c. sensory relay station
d. inhibition of movement
e. integration of sensory and motor information

Answer 16

a. gross sensory interpretation
c. sensory relay station
e. integration of sensory and motor information

Question 17

A lesion to an UMN before the point of crossing (decussation) results in
Select one:
a. signs on the contralateral side of the body
b. Signs on the ipsilateral side of the body
c. an absence of reflexes

Answer 17

a. signs on the contralateral side of the body

Question 18

Basal ganglia output is primarily inhibitory.
True
False

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Although the cerebral hemispheres are relatively homologous, there are both anatomical and functional differences between the two cerebral hemispheres.
Select one:
True
False

Answer 19

True

Question 20

The genu of the internal capsule carries both visual and auditory afferent fibers.
Select one:
True
False

Answer 20

False

Question 21

Commissural fibers connect areas within the same hemisphere.
Select one:
True
False

Answer 21

False (association)

Question 22

Upper motor neurons are referred to as peripheral nerves or the ‘final common pathway.’
Select one:
True
False

Answer 22

False, LMN

Question 23

What is the UMN of CN V responsible for?

Answer 23

exaggerated jaw jerk reflex

Question 24

You have a weak breathy voice, right VF paralysiss, but you can change pitch (superioor laryngeal nerve is in tact so you know its not the SLN) is what lesion?

Answer 24

right recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 25

Where is lesion: paralysis of whole left side of face:

Answer 25

ipsilateral lesion to CN VII (Bell’s Palsy)

Question 26

Lesion? Tongue deviated to R on protrusion.

Answer 26

LMN of CN XII on R or UMN on the left of CN XII

Question 27

Lesion? Inability to pucker, spread, compress lips on R?

Answer 27

UMN on the left for CN VII

Question 28

Lesion? hypernasal speak, absent cough reflex

Answer 28

CN X

Question 29

Lesion? Tongue deviates to L on protrusion w/ visible fasiculations

Answer 29

LMN of CN XII

Question 30

Lesion? L hemiplegia and weak labial seal?

Answer 30

motor strip (lesion could affect face, larynx, speech, as well as legs and arms)
lesion in UMN (because of weakness)

Question 31

If the sign is a R hemiparesis where is the lesion?

Answer 31

L primary motor strip
L area 4 on cerebral cortex
precentral gyrus
Brodmann area 4