Neuro Flashcards
Basal ganglia input is primarily from the ________; most basal ganglia output is to the _______ via the________.
a. thalamus cortex thalamocortical pathways.
b. cortex ; cortex ; thalamus
c. cortex thalamus ; cortex
b. cortex ; cortex ; thalamus
Functions of the basal ganglia include all of the following except
Select one:
a. inhibition of unwanted movement
b. smoothing / refining of movements
c. postural control
d. direct input to LMNs for skilled fine movements
d. direct input to LMNs for skilled fine movements
The nucleus accumbens is functionally related to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and receives input from the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Select one: a. thalamus and basal ganglia b. basal ganglia ; limbic system c. cortex ; limbic system
b. basal ganglia ; limbic system
LMNs have their cell bodies Select one: a. within the spinal cord or brainstem b. in the cortex c. outside the spine
a. within the spinal cord or brainstem
A complete lesion to a LMN results in
Select one:
a. paralysis on the contralateral side of the body
b. paralysis on the ipsilateral side of the body
c. bilateral paresis
b. paralysis on the ipsilateral side of the body
A lesion to the arcuate fasciculus results in
Select one:
a. relatively good language comprehension
b. poor motor production of speech
c. Conduction aphasia
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
The direct motor pathway (i.e. pyramidal tract) is comprised of fibers from Select one: a. areas 4, 6 and 3-1-2 b. areas 4 and 6 c. areas 4, 6, 3-1-2 and 5-7
a. areas 4, 6 and 3-1-2
Decussation of the corticolspinal pathway occurs at the Select one: a. midbrain b. pons c. upper medulla d. lower level of the medulla
d. lower level of the medulla
The internal capsule is Select one: a. inferior to the cerebral peduncles b. superior to the corona radiata c. superior to the cerebral peduncles
c. superior to the cerebral peduncles
The posterior limb of the internal capsule carries Select one: a. affective and emotional information b. auditory and visual information c. corticospinal fibers d. a and b e. b and c
e. b and c
Incoming sensory fibers from the body periphery cross at Select one: a. the lower medulla b. various levels of the spine c. don't cross
b. various levels of the spine
The lateral portion of the corticospinal tract carries Select one: a. crossed fibers b. uncrossed fibers c. sensory fibers only
a. crossed fibers
The right and left temporal lobes are connected by Select one: a. the body of the corpus callosum b. anterior commissure c. association fibers d. inferior longitudinal fasciculus
b. anterior commissure
The corticobulbar tract originates in the cortex and terminates at various levels of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_and innervates the muscles \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Select one: a. brainstem ; for speech b. spine ; of the arms, legs and trunk c. internal capsule ; for speech
a. brainstem ; for speech
The medial geniculate body of thalamus is involved with Select one: a. audition b. vision c. motor pathways for the head and neck
a. audition
Functions of the thalamus include (mark all that apply)
Choose all that are correct
a. gross sensory interpretation
b. innervation of LMNs
c. sensory relay station
d. inhibition of movement
e. integration of sensory and motor information
a. gross sensory interpretation
c. sensory relay station
e. integration of sensory and motor information
A lesion to an UMN before the point of crossing (decussation) results in
Select one:
a. signs on the contralateral side of the body
b. Signs on the ipsilateral side of the body
c. an absence of reflexes
a. signs on the contralateral side of the body
Basal ganglia output is primarily inhibitory.
True
False
True
Although the cerebral hemispheres are relatively homologous, there are both anatomical and functional differences between the two cerebral hemispheres.
Select one:
True
False
True
The genu of the internal capsule carries both visual and auditory afferent fibers.
Select one:
True
False
False
Commissural fibers connect areas within the same hemisphere.
Select one:
True
False
False (association)
Upper motor neurons are referred to as peripheral nerves or the ‘final common pathway.’
Select one:
True
False
False, LMN
What is the UMN of CN V responsible for?
exaggerated jaw jerk reflex
You have a weak breathy voice, right VF paralysiss, but you can change pitch (superioor laryngeal nerve is in tact so you know its not the SLN) is what lesion?
right recurrent laryngeal nerve
Where is lesion: paralysis of whole left side of face:
ipsilateral lesion to CN VII (Bell’s Palsy)
Lesion? Tongue deviated to R on protrusion.
LMN of CN XII on R or UMN on the left of CN XII
Lesion? Inability to pucker, spread, compress lips on R?
UMN on the left for CN VII
Lesion? hypernasal speak, absent cough reflex
CN X
Lesion? Tongue deviates to L on protrusion w/ visible fasiculations
LMN of CN XII
Lesion? L hemiplegia and weak labial seal?
motor strip (lesion could affect face, larynx, speech, as well as legs and arms) lesion in UMN (because of weakness)
If the sign is a R hemiparesis where is the lesion?
L primary motor strip
L area 4 on cerebral cortex
precentral gyrus
Brodmann area 4
