Vocabulary Test Flashcards
Drug used to achieve relief of pain.
Analgesic
Relating to, involved in, or initiated by the neurotransmitter activity of dopamine, or those receptors found in the renal, mesenteric, and visceral blood vessels.
Dopaminergic Effects
An unintentional, undesirable, and often unpredictable effect of a drug used at therapeutic doses to prevent, diagnose, or treat disease.
Adverse Effect
A prolongation or increase in the effect of a drug by another drug.
Potentiation
Effective against the toxic effects of muscarinic receptors (cholinergic receptors that are stimulated by the alkaloid muscarine and blocked by atropine).
Antimuscarinic
Any of various compounds consisting of a sugar, usually ribose or deoxyribose, and a purine or pyrimidine base.
Nucleoside
Having the characteristics of the sympathetic division of the ANS.
Adrenergic
Relating to or influencing the conductivity of nerve fibers or cardiac muscle fibers.
Dromotropic
Hormones released by the adrenal cortex essential for life; assist in the regulation of blood glucose levels, promote peripheral use of lipids, stimulate the kidneys to reabsorb sodium, and have antiinflammatory effects.
Corticosteroid
Produced within the organism.
Endogenous
An administration route in which medication is placed in the mouth between the gum and the mucous membrane of the cheek and absorbed into the bloodstream.
Buccal Medication
A precise description of a drug’s chemical composition and molecular structure.
Chemical Name
Composed of a mixture of minerals seperable by mechanical means.
Aggregation
A psychoactive chemical that works by binding to receptors found principally in the central and peripheral nervous system, and the gastrointestinal tract.
Opioid
The modification of the effect of a drug when administered with another drug.
Drug-Drug Interaction
Movement of small organic molecules, electrolytes, vitamins and water across the digestive tract and into the circulatory system. Also the movement of a drug from the site of input into the circulation.
Absorption
A drug that causes a physiologic response in the receptor to which it binds.
Agonist
Drugs that block or inhibit the function of the parasympathetic receptors.
Parasympatholytic
A peptide, such as a small protein, containing many molecules of amino acids chemically linked together, this class includes proteins.
Polypeptide
The interaction of drugs such that the total effect is greater than the sum of the individual effects.
Synergism
The movement of drugs from the bloodstream to target organs.
Distribution
The name given a chemical compound by the company that makes it; also called the brand name or proprietary name.
Trade Name
A surface on which an organism grows or is attached. An underlying layer.
Substrate
Drugs that block or inhibit adrenergic receptors.
Sympatholytic
Increased intensity of drug action evident after administration of several doses.
Cumulative Action
Involves studying the specific mechanism(s) of action of a drug or how the drugs interact with the body function.
Pharmacodynamics
Drugs that mimic the parasympathetic division of the ANS.
Parasympathomimetic
The level of a drug that elicits a beneficial physiologic response.
Therapeutic Threshhold
Ability of cardiac pacemaker cells to initiate an electrical impulse spontaneously without being stimulated from another source (such as a nerve).
Automaticity
A hormone released in response to detected loss from body water; prevents further loss of water through the urinary tract by promoting the reabsorption of water into the blood.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Receptor sites found in the arterioles of the heart, lungs, and skeletal muscle. Stimulation results in dilation.
Beta2
Relieving or reducing fever.
Antipyretic
The science of preparing and dispensing drugs.
Pharmaceutics
Class of steroid hormones that bind to the glucocorticoid receptor, which is present in almost all cells.
Glucocorticoid
The speed with which and how much of a drug reaches its intended site of action.
Bioavailability
Administration route used for systemic effects and given by a route other than the digestive tract.
Parenteral Medication
Denotes a drug that mimics the effects of stimulation of organs and structures by the sympathetic nervous system.
Sympathomimetic
Receptors found in the heart and kidneys. Stimulation of the heart receptors results in increased HR, contractility, and irritability of cardiac cells. Stimulation of the kidney receptors results in the release of renin into the blood.
Beta1
A substance that blocks the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the central and the peripheral nervous system.
Anticholinergic
Preventing or reducing spasms.
Antispasmodic
An effect of a drug other than the one for which it was given; may or may not be harmful.
Side Effect
A protein in the blood plasma that is essential for the coagulation of blood and is converted to fibrin by thrombin and ionized calcium.
Fibrinogen
Preventing infection
Aseptic
A drug that blocks a receptor. It may provide a partial agonist activity, but it also prevents an agonist from exerting its full effects.
Agonist-Antagonist
Affecting the force of cardiac contraction.
Inotropic
The name proposed by the first manufacturer when a drug is submitted to the FDA for approval; often an abbreviated form of the drug’s chemical name, structure, or formula.
Generic Name
The accumulation of gases, liquids, or solutes on the surface of a solid or liquid.
Adsorption
The intensity or strength of the attraction between a drug and its receptor.
Affinity
Affecting the heart rate.
Chronotropic
A drug that does not cause a physiologic response when it binds with a receptor.
Antagonist
Medication given for its systemic effects that is passes through the digestive tract.
Enteral Medication
Receptor sites found in parts of the digestive system and on presynaptic nerve terminals in the peripheral nervous system. Stimulation results in decreased secretions, decreased peristalsis, and suppression of further norepinephrine release.
Alpha2
Medications used to correct irregular heartbeats and slow hearts that beat too fast.
Antiarrhythmic
Receptor sites found in the eyes, blood vessels, bladder, and male reproductive organs. Stimulation results in constriction.
Alpha1
The process by which a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated by the body.
Pharmacokinetics
