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Pharmacology > Vacabulary > Flashcards

Vacabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Absorption

A
  • Normal assimilation by the tissues of the products of digestion.
  • The passage of a gas, fluid, drug, etc. through the mucous membranes or skin.
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2
Q

Adsorption

A

The accumulation of gases, liquids, or solutes on the surface of a solid or liquid.

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3
Q

Aggregation

A

Composed of a mixture of minerals seperable by mechanical means.

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4
Q

Agonist

A

A drug or other chemical that can combine with a receptor on a cell to produce a physiologic reaction typical of a naturally occurring substance.

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5
Q

Analgesic

A

Drug used to achieve relief of pain.

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6
Q

Antagonist

A

A chemical substance that interferes with the physiological action of another, especially by combining with and blocking its nerve receptor.

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7
Q

Anticholinergic

A

A substance that blocks the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the central and the peripheral nervous system.

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8
Q

Antimuscarinic

A

Effective against the toxic effects of muscarinic receptors (cholinergic receptors that are stimulated by the alkaloid muscarine and blocked by atropine).

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9
Q

Antipyretic

A

Relieving or reducing fever.

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10
Q

Antispasmodic

A

Preventing or reducing spasms.

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11
Q

Automaticity

A

The capacity of a cell to initiate an impulse without an external stimulus (cardiac).

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12
Q

Chronotropic

A

Affecting the rate of rhythmic movements, such as the heartbeat.

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13
Q

Corticosteroid

A

A class of chemicals that includes steroid hormones naturally produced in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates and analogues of these hormones that are synthesized.

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14
Q

Parasympathomimetic

A

Drugs that mimic the parasympathetic division of the ANS.

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15
Q

Sympatholytic

A

Drugs that block or inhibit adrenergic receptors.

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16
Q

Parasympatholytic

A

Drugs that block or inhibit the function of the parasympathetic receptors.

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17
Q

Potentiation

A

A prolongation or increase in the effect of a drug by another drug.

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18
Q

Endogenous

A
  • Growing from or on the inside.

- Relating to or produced by metabolic sythesis in the body.

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19
Q

Antiarrhythmic

A

Prevent or alleviate cardiac arrhymias.

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20
Q

Agonist-Antagonist

A

A drug that blocks a receptor. It may provide a partial agonist activity, but it also prevents an agonist from exerting its full effects.

21
Q

Fibrinogen

A

A protein in the blood plasma that is essential for the coagulation of blood and is converted to fibrin by thrombin and ionized calcium.

22
Q

Adverse Effect

A

An unintentional, undesirable, and often unpredictable effect of a drug used at therapeutic doses to prevent, diagnose, or treat disease.

23
Q

Affinity

A

The intensity or strength of the attraction between a drug and its receptor.

24
Q

Glucocorticoid

A

Class of steroid hormones that bind to the glucocorticoid receptor, which is present in almost all cells.

25
Q

Buccal Medication

A

An administration route in which medication is placed in the mouth between the gum and the mucous membrane of the cheek and absorbed into the bloodstream.

26
Q

Inotropic

A

Affecting the contraction of muscle, especially heart muscle.

27
Q

Enteral Medication

A

A drug given for its systemic effects that passes through the digestive tract.

28
Q

Nucleoside

A

Any of various compounds consisting of a sugar, usually ribose or deoxyribose, and a purine or pyrimidine base.

29
Q

Side Effect

A

An effect of a drug other than the one for which it was given; may or may not be harmful.

30
Q

Opioid

A

A psychoactive chemical that works by binding to receptors found principally in the central and peripheral nervous system, and the gastrointestinal tract.

31
Q

Parenteral Medication

A

Administration route used for systemic effects and given by a route other than the digestive tract.

32
Q

Osmotic Diuresis

A

That resulting from the presence of nonabsorbable, osmotically active substances in the renal tubules.

33
Q

Trade Name

A

The name given a chemical compound by the company that makes it; also called the brand name or proprietary name.

34
Q

Chemical Name

A

A precise description of a drug’s chemical composition and molecular structure.

35
Q

Generic Name

A

The name proposed by the first manufacturer when a drug is submitted to the FDA for approval; often an abbreviated form of the drug’s chemical name, structure, or formula.

36
Q

Adrenergic

A

Having the characteristics of the sympathetic division of the ANS.

37
Q

Polypeptide

A

A peptide, such as a small protein, containing many molecules of amino acids chemically linked together, this class includes proteins.

38
Q

Synergism

A

The interaction of drugs such that the total effect is greater than the sum of the individual effects.

39
Q

Beta 1

A

Receptors found in the heart and kidneys. Stimulation of the heart receptors results in increased HR, contractility, and irritability of cardiac cells. Stimulation of the kidney receptors results in the release of renin into the blood.

40
Q

Beta 2

A

Receptor sites found in the arterioles of the heart, lungs, and skeletal muscle. Stimulation results in dilation.

41
Q

Substrate

A

A surface on which an organism grows or is attached.

An underlying layer.

42
Q

Alpha 1

A

Receptor sites found in the eyes, blood vessels, bladder, and male reproductive organs. Stimulation results in constriction.

43
Q

Sympathomimetic

A

Denotes a drug that mimics the effects of stimulation of organs and structures by the sympathetic nervous system.

44
Q

Alpha 2

A

Receptor sites found in parts of the digestive system and on presynaptic nerve terminals in the peripheral nervous system. Stimulation results in decreased secretions, decreased peristalsis, and suppression of further norepinephrine release.

45
Q

Dopaminergic Effects

A

Relating to, involved in, or initiated by the neurotransmitter activity of dopamine, or those receptors found in the renal, mesenteric, and visceral blood vessels.

46
Q

Dromotropic

A

Relating to or influencing the conductivity of nerve fibers or cardiac muscle fibers.

47
Q

Therapeutic Threshhold

A

The level of a drug that elicits a beneficial physiologic response.

48
Q

Distribution

A

The movement of drugs from the bloodstream to target organs.

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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