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Pharmacology > Lecture Material > Flashcards

Lecture Material Flashcards

1
Q

What are six drug dosage forms/packaging?

A

Ampules, Vials, Prefilled Syringe, Bristojet, Act-o-Vial, Carpujet

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2
Q

What are the “6 Rights” of medication administration?

A 
Right patient?
Right drug?
Right route?
Right dose?
Right time?
Right documentation?
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3
Q

What are five sympathetic receptors?

A

Alpha1, Alpha2, Beta1, Beta2, Dopamine

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4
Q

How do you convert kilograms to pounds?

Example: How many lbs is 220kg?

A

Divide weight by 2, then subtract 10% -or- divide by 2.2

Example answer = 100lbs

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5
Q

What do the abbreviations DD, V, DH, and gtts stand for?

A

Desired Dose, Volume, Dose on Hand, and Drip Rate

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6
Q

What is the single dose equation?

A

DD x V/DH

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7
Q

When deciding what treatment to use first for a critical patient, what rule should you remember?

A

Always treat SHOCK first.

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8
Q

What are 3 questions for the cause of shock?

A
  1. Is it a pump problem?
  2. Is it a rate problem?
  3. Is it a volume problem?
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9
Q

Which drugs do we use to slow the heart rate?

A

Lidocaine, Amiodarone, Adenosine, Cardizem, Verapamil

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10
Q

What is the difference between Lidocaine, Amiodarone and Adenosine, Cardizem, Verapamil?

A

Lidocaine, Amiodarone are ventricular anti-dysrhythmics. Adenosine, Cardizem, and Verapamil are atrial irrators.
NOTE: Amiodarone is both.

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11
Q

How is Lidocaine administered?

A

Bolus followed by a maintenance infusion.

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12
Q

How is Amiodarone administered?

A

Pulseless: Bolus 300mg IV push
Pulse: 150mg IV push
No maintenance infusion needed.

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13
Q

What is special about Adenosine and its administration?

A

Its half-life is about 7 seconds, therefore you must give through IV access at the AC or higher.

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14
Q

When is Calcium Chloride given?

A

Overdose of calcium channel blockers (cardizem,verapamil) is suspected.

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15
Q

How is a drug given if the patient is pulseless and why?

A

Bolus
To get drug’s max effect and since the patient will have little to no circulation, the drug must reach the patients core.

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16
Q

What is the conversion of micrograms to milligrams?

A

1000mcg = 1mg

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17
Q

What is the conversion of milligrams to grams?

A

1000mg = 1g

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18
Q

What are the equivalents of the Lidocaine/Epi clock?

A

1mg=15gtts; 2mg=30gtts; 3mg=45gtts; 4mg=60gtts

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19
Q

What is the Dopamine rule?

Example: 250lbs

A

10% Rule
Take a patients weight in lbs and figure 10%. That is the gtts.

Example answer = (250lbs) = 25/gtts

20
Q

How is a Dopamine infusion mixed?

A

400mg/250mL or 800mg/500mL

Resulting Concentration=1600mcg/mL

21
Q

How is a Lidocaine infusion mixed?

A

1g in 250mL or 2g in 500mL

Resulting Concentration= 4mg/mL

22
Q

How is an Epinephrine infusion mixed?

A

1mg 1:1,000 in 250mL or 2mg 1:1,000 in 500mL

Resulting Concentration: 4mcg/mL

23
Q

What is the short-cut for Dopamine?

A

(Pt. weight in kg x DD)/25

24
Q

What is the 10% rule for Dopamine?

A

10% of pts weight in lbs will equal 5mcg/kg/min

25
Q

Which act established the 5 schedules of substances based on their accepted medical use in the US, abuse protential, and potential for addiction?

A

The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970

26
Q

Schedule I drugs?

A

Heroin, peyote, marijuana, LSD

27
Q

Schedule II drugs?

A

Morphine, meperidine, codeine, oxycodone, methadone, pentobarbital, amphetamines, cocaine, opium, methylphenidate (Ritalin)

28
Q

Schedule III drugs?

A

Anabolic steroids, hydrocodone with acetaminophen (Vicodin), codeine with acetaminophen (Tylenol 3)

29
Q

Schedule IV drugs?

A

Benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam), phenobarbital, chloral hydrate

30
Q

Schedule V drugs?

A

Cough medications or antidiarrhea

31
Q

Schedule I medical use, abuse potential, and potential for addiction?

A

Medical Use: None
Abuse Potential: High
Potential for Addiction: Severe Dependence

32
Q

Schedule II medical use, abuse potential, and potential for addiction?

A

Medical Use: Yes
Abuse Potential: High
Potential for Addiction: Severe Dependence

33
Q

Schedule III medical use, abuse potential, and potential for addiction?

A

Medical Use: Yes
Abuse Potential: Less than I & II
Potential for Addiction: Moderate to Low

34
Q

Schedule IV medical use, abuse potential, and potential for addiction?

A

Medical Use: Yes
Abuse Potential: Less than III
Potential for Addiction: Limited

35
Q

Schedule V medical use, abuse potential, and potential for addiction?

A

Medical Use: Yes
Abuse Potential: Low
Potential for Addiction: Limited

36
Q

Name 5 sources of drugs?

A 
1- Plants
2- Animals or Humans
3- Minerals
4- Chemical substances (synthetic)
5- Recombinant DNA tech (genetic eng)
37
Q

Why is it important to know what medications a patient is taking?

A

To ensure safe medication administration

38
Q

What is the best course of action if you have doubt about the administration of a particular medication?

A

Contact medical control

39
Q

What is the adrenergic (sympathetic) neurotransmitter?

A

Norepinephrine

40
Q

What is the cholinergic (parasympathetic) neurotransmitter?

A

Acetylcholine

41
Q

Norepinephrine has the greatest affinity towards which receptor sites?

A

Alpha1, Alpha2, and Beta1

42
Q

What are the needle size, degree of entry, and volume limits for a subcutaneous injection?

A

25-28 gauge; 1/2 to 5/8” length
45 degrees
<2mL

43
Q

What are the needle size, degree of entry, and volume limits for an intramuscular injection?

A

21 gauge; 1-2” length
90 degrees
<5mL

44
Q

What are the 4 entral medication routes?

A

Sublingual
Rectal
Nasogastric
Oral

45
Q

What are the 5 parenteral medication routes?

A 
IV, intraosseous, intracardiac
Tracheal, inhalation, intralingual, intranasal
IM, topical
Subcutaneous
Intradermal
46
Q

What are 10 local complications involved in IV access?

A

Pain & irritation; Cellulitis; Phlebitis; Thrombosis; Bleeding; Hematoma; Venous Spasm; Inadvertent arterial puncture; Nerve, tendon, ligament, and/or limb damage; Infiltration & extravasation

47
Q

What are the needle size, degree of entry, and volume limits for an intravenous cannulation?

A

10-24 gauge (most commonly 18-20)

15-30 degrees

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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