VOCABULARY QUIZ #5 Flashcards
The Great War
nickname for WWI (1914-1918)
total war
type of war in which government mobilized virtually every person natural resource available to support the war effort
self-determination
belief that national groups should have the right to govern themselves independently
Pan-Slavism
Slavic nationalism
Triple Entente
alliance of Britain, France, Russia and the US during WWI
Triple Alliance
alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire during WWI
Western Front
WWI battle ground fought between a united France and Britain vs. Germany
Eastern Front
WWI battle ground fought between a united Germany and Austria-Hungary vs. Russia
trench warfare
type of warfare in which soldiers dug opposing trenches for protection from the enemy
“no man’s land”
area of death and destruction between the opposing trenches where most of the battles took place
Zionism
Jewish nationalism that sought an independent Jewish homeland in the Middle East
Balfour Declaration
secret agreement the British government made with the Jewish nationalists in the Ottoman Empire promising them land after the war if they supported the Allies
conscription
mandatory military service
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
agreement to end fighting between Germany and Russia after the collapse of the Russian government and the takeover by Soviet communists in 1918
fourteen points
US President Woodrow Wilson’s plan for peace following WWI which sought “peace without victory”
reparations
payments Germany was forced to pay following WWI in order to cover the Allied war expenses
“war-guilt” clause
wording in the Treaty of Versailles which placed full blame for WWI on Germany
mandates
Germany’s overseas territories which fell under the control of Britain, France and Japan after WWI
League of Nations
peace-keeping organization that was created as a result of Wilson’s Fourteen Points, but was weak and ineffective because the US did not join
Ataturk
Mustafa Kemal fought for Turkish self- sovereignty after WWI and helped to bring about the establishment of Turkey
collective security
policy of the League of Nations that if any member nation was attacked, the others would provide military aid
Vladimir Lenin
Bolshevik leader of the Russian Revolution, first communist ruler of the Soviet Union
revolution of 1905
revolt against the Russia’s Czar Nicholas II following Russia’s defeat to Japan in the Russo-Japanese War
duma
Russia’s first elected parliament, originally weak and corrupt
soviet
a council of workers in Russia
nationalization
state takeover of industry under Lenin’s new Soviet government
Leon Trotsky
Lenin’s second-in-command leader of the Bolshevik party
red army
the Bolshevik army led by Lenin during the Russian Revolution
new economic policy
Lenin’s communist program marked by changes to the economy of the USSR, also known as NEP
joseph stalin
communist dictator of the USSR (1927-1953) following Lenin’s death, rule marked by terror, violence and strict state censorship
revolution of 1911
overthrow of the Qing dynasty in China and an attempt by the leader Sun Yat-sen to institute a democratic republic
guomindang
Chinese nationalist party led by Sun Yat-sen
Mao Zedong
leader of China’s communist party, who instituted communism in China
the long March
Mao Zedong’s army across China by Chiang Kai-shek and his supporters, led to the communists gaining power and supporters along the way
