VOCABULARY QUIZ #4

Question 1

janissaries

Answer 1

elite military group of Ottoman soldiers

Question 2

muhammad ali

Answer 2

egyptian military leader who rose to power
/ industrialized Egypt

Question 3

crimean war

Answer 3

battle over religion & land fought between Russian & Ottoman Empire/France/Great Britain (France & Britain defeated Russia)

Question 4

tanzimat

Answer 4

period of reorganization in Ottoman Empire of the government and military

Question 5

florence nightingale

Answer 5

Englishwomen who treated wounded soldiers in the Crimean War and prompted Great Britain to improve sanitary conditions for both civilians and military

Question 6

young turks

Answer 6

a liberal opposition group in the Ottoman Empire opposed reforms of the sultan / fought for a constitution and a legislature

Question 7

sick man on europe

Answer 7

nickname given to the Ottoman Empire at the beginning of the 20th century, which reflected it’s failed attempt to westernize and the division of its people

Question 8

fez

Answer 8

a style of hat that developed during the Ottoman Empire’s attempt to westernize, which tried to mimic western European style but was brimless in order to allow the Muslim population to touch their heads to the ground while praying

Question 9

Mccartney Mission

Answer 9

delegation of British representatives that tried to convince the Chinese emperor to open up trade with Britain

Question 10

Canton System

Answer 10

system of trade restrictions implemented by the Chinese government against western countries, limited trade to one single port at Canton

Question 11

Lin zexu

Answer 11

Chinese official who was sent to Canton in 1838 to enforce a ban of British opium, which sparked the Opium War

Question 12

Opium War

Answer 12

fought between China and Great Britain over the Chinese government’s resistance to allow the British to sell the drug opium in China

Question 13

treaty of nanjing

Answer 13

peace treaty signed by China and Great Britain, ending the Opium War but also greatly restricting Chinese control over their own trade with western countries

Question 14

unequal treaties

Answer 14

the treaties the Chinese were forced to sign after a second set of battles with the British, completely taking away any control the Chinese had over foreign trade

Question 15

spheres of influence

Answer 15

areas in China that were economically controlled by foreign nations who held trading rights with merchants in their respective areas

Question 16

taiping rebellion

Answer 16

rebellion led by a Christian who wanted to drive the Qing out of China

Question 17

self-strengthening movement

Answer 17

Qing movement in the late 1800s to modernize and westernize the military and infrastructure of China

Question 18

boxer rebellion

Answer 18

early 20th century uprising against western influence in China, secretly supported by the Qing, put down by European militaries

Question 19

catherine the great

Answer 19

ruled Russia / promoted trade with the west by opening a warm-water port on the Black Sea

Question 20

holy alliance

Answer 20

alliance formed at the Congress of Vienna between Austria, Prussia and Russia as a defense of the old order of nobility and religious officials

Question 21

decembrist revolt

Answer 21

Russia against the monarchy of Nicholas I as a result of the spreading of liberal ideas into Russia

Question 22

zemstvos

Answer 22

local Russian political councils created by Alexander II which held local authority over serfs

Question 23

trans-siberian railroad

Answer 23

railway line that connected the bulk of the Russian population in an effort to make trade and commerce more efficient, a step towards westernization

Question 24

matthew perry

Answer 24

US naval commodore who was sent to Japan in 1853 with a fleet of warships to demand that Japan open their ports to foreign trade

Question 25

treaty of kanagawa

Answer 25

an “unequal treaty” the shogun was forced to sign allowing foreign trade and influence in Japan

Question 26

meiji restoration

Answer 26

when Japan modernized and industrialized rapidly

Question 27

diet

Answer 27

legislative body added to the Japanese government

Question 28

imperialism

Answer 28

empire building, during which a powerful country takes over a weaker country or part of the world

Question 29

tropical dependencies

Answer 29

a type of colony where small numbers of Europeans ruled non-western people (examples found in: Africa, Asia, South Pacific)

Question 30

settlement colonies

Answer 30

a type of colony which served as destinations for European settlers (examples: Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Algeria, Kenya, Hawaii)

Question 31

white mans burden

Answer 31

poem written by Rudyard Kipling which reflected the British belief that western customs and values were far superior to populations being colonized

Question 32

suez & panama canals

Answer 32

man-made waterways constructed in Egypt and Panama facilitated the travel of ships around the world and decreased the cost of foreign trade

Question 33

nawabs

Answer 33

Muslim princes in India who asserted regional power at the expense of the ailing Mughal government

Question 34

sepoys

Answer 34

Indian soldiers trained by the British and forced to serve in the British military in India

Question 35

British Raj

Answer 35

British political rule in India, established by the British East India Company

Question 36

sepoy rebellion

Answer 36

1857, Indian soldiers all over India rebelled against the British military, prompted by the British disregard for Muslim and Hindu practices

Question 37

Dutch east India company

Answer 37

Dutch trading company that held control over the spice trade in SE Asia

Question 38

corvée labor system

Answer 38

Compulsory unpaid work which SE Asian farmers in the Spice Islands were forced to do if they didn’t want to grow cash crops for the Dutch East India Company as part of the VOC’s Culture System

Question 39

cash crop

Answer 39

Crop grown in colonial settlements to be sold for profit for the mother country

Question 40

british east india company

Answer 40

British trading company that controlled the protectorate of India

Question 41

indian national congress

Answer 41

formed in 1885 to push for a larger role for Indians in political and economic affairs

Question 42

scramble for Africa

Answer 42

European competition for colonization of Africa, came to a head at the Berlin Conference

Question 43

Shaka Zulu

Answer 43

South Africa tribal leader who took control of the small Zulu kingdom and expanded its land displacing other African tribes and pushing them into conflict with European settlers

Question 44

Anglo-Zulu War

Answer 44

Conflict between the British and the Zulu kingdom in the 1870s which led to the Zulu defeat and their lands becoming part of the British colony of South Africa

Question 45

captain james cook

Answer 45

British sea captain who landed in Australia in 1770 and declared the land a British settlement

Question 46

scientific racism

Answer 46

Imperialist theory based on the world being divided into four main racial groups: Africans, Europeans, Asians and Americans (Europeans were superior)

Question 47

social darwinism

Answer 47

Herbert Spencer’s theory that Darwin’s theory of “survival of the fittest” could be applied to society and race

Question 48

david livingstone

Answer 48

Scottish Christian missionary who explored the interior of Africa and tried to convert many to Christianity, also went missing for a period of time which fueled world- wide intrigue

Question 49

boers war

Answer 49

Land dispute between Dutch settlers in South Africa (known as Afrikaners) and the British between 1899 and 1902.

Question 50

the great game

Answer 50

British and Russia competition for land in Central Asia (modern Afghanistan)