Vocabulary Part 4 Flashcards
Roman Script
Roman script adapted by the Romans from Etruscan, with select borrowings from the Greek Alphabet. Used to write Latin originally, now used to write numerous languages including Germanic and romance languages. Further borrowings were made to accommodate different phonological inventories in other languages.
Deep Orthography
when the connection between graphemes and phonemes in an alphabet is not transparent or easy to predict, often because of historical pronunciation change, the orthography is called deep. English has a remarkably deep orthography.
Shallow Orthography
when the connection between graphemes and phonemes in an alphabet is transparent and easy to predict the orthography is called shallow. Finnish has a shallow orthography.
Umlaut (orthography)
A diacritic used in Roman scripts, made up of two superscript dots, used especially in German to mark a vowel that has undergone the umlaut process and therefore assimilated toward the following vowel.
Creative Spelling
A non-standard spelling, intended to be amusing or eye-catching (Toys “R” Us, E-Z cheese)
Orthographic Dialect
two standard spellings in one language Example: British Usage “colour” vs. American Usage “color”
Reading Pronunciation
Pronunciations that arise by guessing at the pronunciation of a word by applying the regular orthographic conventions of English. Example: pronouncing the spanish hola with an initial /h/
Brahmi Script
Abugida thought to be modelled on the Aramaic or Phoenician alphabets, ancestor of 40 or so modern Indian scripts. default schwa vowel, diacritics to indicate other vowels. Letters are grouped by pronunciation. Used to write a variety of languages including Sanskrit. Example: Asoka’s Pillar inscriptions
Devanagari Script
Indian Abugida, developed from early eastern variant of Gupta Script. Consonant letters carry an inherent vowel which can be altered or muted by means of diacritics. Consonant clusters indicated with special combined symbols. Order of letters is based on Articulatory phonetics. Used to write a wide variety of languages including Hindi and Sanskrit.
Indus Script
also called the Harappa script. An undeciphered script from the Indus Valley civilization used in about 2,000 - 3500 BCE. Some believe represent a Dravidian language. written right to left, but sometimes boustrophedonic. Likely a mix of morphographic and phonetic symbols.