Vocabulary Part 2

Question 1

Ego

Answer 1

The part of personality that is in touch with reality and strives to meet the demands of the id and the super ego in socially acceptable ways.

Question 2

id

Answer 2

In Psychoanalytic theory, that part of the unconscious personality that contains our needs, drives and instincts as well as repressed material.

Question 3

Superego

Answer 3

The part of the personality that is the source of conscience and counteracts the socially undesirable impulses of the id.

Question 4

Collective unconscious

Answer 4

The part of the mind that contains inherited instincts, urges, and memories common to all people.

Question 5

Repression

Answer 5

The exclusion from conscious awareness of a painful, unpleasant, or undesirable memory.

Question 6

Regression

Answer 6

A defence mechanism in which an individual retreats to an earlier stage of development or pattern of behaviour in order to deal with a threatening or stressful situation.

Question 7

Projection

Answer 7

Unconsciously transferring one’s own undesirable attitudes, feelings, or thoughts to others.

Question 8

Reaction format

Answer 8

A defence mechanism by which the ego unconsciously replaces an unacceptable feeling or urge with its opposite.

Question 9

Displacement

Answer 9

A defence mechanism that shifts the desires, feelings, or impulses from their proper object to a substitute.

Question 10

Psychoanalysis

Answer 10

A form of therapy aimed at making patients aware of their unconscious motives so that they can gain control over their behaviour and free themselves of self defeating patterns.

Question 11

Self actualising individual

Answer 11

One who can realise their own unique potential.

Question 12

Archetypes

Answer 12

An inherited idea, image, or concept based on the experiences of one’s ancestors that shapes one’s perception of the world.

Question 13

Extroverts

Answer 13

An outgoing, active person who directs his or her energies and interests towards other people and things.

Question 14

Introverts

Answer 14

A reserved, withdrawn person who is more pre-occupied with his or her inner thoughts and feelings than what is going around him or her.

Question 15

Observational learning

Answer 15

Learning by observing and imitating the behaviour of others.

Question 16

Contingencies of reinforcement

Answer 16

The occurrence of rewards and punishments following particular behaviours.

Question 17

Inferiority Complex

Answer 17

A pattern of avoiding feelings of inadequacy and insignificance rather than trying to overcome their source.

Question 18

Core Personality

Answer 18

“The central, internal and consistent part of one’s personality. “

Question 19

Stable Characteristic

Question 20

Personal unconscious

Answer 20

The part of the mind that contains material of which we are unaware but that strongly influences conscious processes and behaviours.

Question 21

Traits theory

Answer 21

Focus on identifying, measuring, and classifying similarities and differences in personality characteristics or traits.

Question 22

Behavioural psychology

Question 23

Humanistic psychology

Question 24

Cognitive Psychology

Question 25

Neo-Freudian approaches

Answer 25

Theories based on Freudian principles that continued to emphasise the role of the unconscious in shaping one’s personality. It is important to note that while these theories supported Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, they focused more on the social & cultural effects on personality rather than gender alone.