vocabulary instruction Flashcards
what is the bottom tiers in the 3 tiers of words
basic words
what is the middle tiers in the 3 tiers of words
academic vocabulary
what is the top tier in the 3 tiers of words
specialized terms
The most basic words. Rarely require direct
instruction and do not have multiple meanings; words of
everyday speech
tier 1
High frequency words that occur across a variety of
domains; mature language situation such as adult conversions and literature. CONTAIN MULTIPLE MEANINGS, have multiple synonyms
tier 2
Technical words that are content specific and often
abstract. Specific to hobbies, subjects, occupations, geographic
regions, technology, weather, etc.
tier 3
– Students don’t
recognize the word.
unknown words
Students have seen
or heard the word or can pronounce it,
but they don’t know the meaning
initial recognition
Students
know one meaning of the word and can
use it in a sentence
partial word recognition
Students know
more than one meaning of the word and
can use it in several ways
full word knowledge
interest in learning and using words
word consciousness
– Students repeat
words with the same beginning
consonant or vowel sound
within a phrase or sentence.
alliteration
Words that refer to
places, things, and actions that
have been named after an
individual.
eponyms
Students create
exaggerated statements
hyperbole
Students
notice words or phrases that
read the same forward and
backward.
palindrones
Students
combine two normally
contradictory words to
create a paradoxical image.
oxymoron
Students
use words that imitate
sounds.
onomatopoeia
Students
endow inanimate objects
with human traits or
abilities.
personification
Students
commonly use words that
were created by fusing two
words to combine the
meaning of both words
portmanteau
– Students
switch sounds in words,
often with a humorous
effect
spoonerisms
WORDS THAT HAVE
NEARLY THE SAME MEANING
synonyms
WORDS THAT
EXPRESS OPPOSITE MEANINGS
antonynm
- words that sound alike but are spelled differently
homophones
are words that are spelled the same but pronounced differently
homograph
words that are spelled the same, and sound the same
homographic homophones
- words that can stand alone in English; words that have meaning on their own, but they can also have
prefixes and suffixes added to them to make new words. - Also call free morphemes
base words
typically come from Greek or Latin words and may or may not stand alone
root word
Letters generally added to the beginning or end od a root or base word
* Also called bound morphemes
affixes
added to the beginning of words
prefixes
added to the end of words
suffixes
what are the 4 most common prefixes in the English language
un, re, dis, in
metaphorical or uses figures of speech
figurative meaning
– the explicit, dictionary meaning of a word
literal meaning
– groups of words, such as “in hot water” that have a special meaning
idioms
liken something to something else
comparisons
comparison signaled by the use of like or as
simile
compares two things by implying that one is the other, without using like or
as
metaphors
a group of words that are displayed on a
wall, bulletin board, chalkboard, or whiteboard in a
classroom.
word wall
students choose a word and write it on a poster; then they
draw a picture to illustrate it. They also write a sentence using the word
word posters
students choose a word and then identify 3 or 4 words to
sequence before or after it to make a chain
word chains
focus on a specific term and visually
represent its place in a conceptual hierarchy
concept/word map
students sort the words into categories that make sense to them
open sort
categories are provided usually by the teacher
closed sort
Strategy for graphically representing concepts.
* Allows students to conceptually explore their knowledge of a new
word by mapping it with other related words or phrases similar in
meaning to the new word.
semantic map
Students receive a paper divided into 6 equal squares.
concept cube
