principles to becoming an effective literacy teacher Flashcards
effective teachers understand how students learn
principle 1
(behaviorism) teachers provide direct instruction, and motivate students and control their behavior, students are passive learners
teacher-centered orientation
(constructivism) students are actively engaged, relate new info to old info
student-centered orientation
thought and language are related, zone of proximal development, scaffold instruction,
sociolinguistics
Reading and writing are social activities
that reflect the community and culture
sociocultural theory
Learning as you do; becoming an
apprentice
situated learning theory
Language is a means for social action and
students become agents for social change.
critical literacy
the approach to cognitive development studies that aims to explain how information is encoded into memory
information processing theory
reading and writing
interactive models
Comprehension is seen as an interpretation of the interaction between the reader and the
text.
transactive theory
Goals that direct thinking such as
visualizing, organizing, and revising as well as metacognitive
strategies such as monitoring and revising (fix-up strategies).
strategic behavior
Effective Teachers Support
Students’ Use of the Cueing Systems
principle 2
phonological, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic
4 cueing systems
sound
phonological
structure
syntactic
meaning
semantic
social/cultural use
pragmatic
the smallest unit of sound
phoneme
written representation of a phoneme using one or more letters
grapheme
how many sounds make up the english sound system
44
the structure or grammar of a sentence
syntax
smallest meaningful unit of language
morpheme
a morpheme that can stand alone
free morpheme
a morpheme that must be attached to a free morpheme
bound morpheme
effective teachers create a community of learners
principle 3
Effective Teachers Adopt a
Balanced Approach to Instruction
principle 4
effective teachers address standards
principle 5
effective teachers scaffold students reading and writing
principle 6
modeled, shared, interactive, guided, independend
levels of scaffolding
Effective Teachers Organize
for Instruction
principle 7
Effective Teachers
Differentiate Instruction
principle 8
Differentiating the Content
Differentiating the Process Differentiating the Product
3 ways to differentiate instruction
Effective Teachers Link
Instruction and Assessment
principle 9
