Vocabulary from readings Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s the normative approach to development?

A
  • What’s considered normal development for a child
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2
Q

What’s the difference between continuous and discontinuous development?

A
  • Continuous - development as a cumulative process, gradually improving on existing skills
  • Discontinuous - development takes place in unique stages , where it occurs at specific times or ages
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3
Q

What are schemata?

A
  • concepts/mental models that are used to help us cateorize and interpret information
  • By the time we have reached adultood, we have created schemata for almost everything
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4
Q

What’s the difference between assimilation and accomodation?

A
  • Assimilation - when children take in information that is comparable to what they already know
  • Accomodation - when children change their schemata based on new information
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5
Q

What is the principle of reversibility?

A
  • objects can be changed and then returned back to their original form or condition.
  • Children begin to understand this concept once they’ve reached the concrete operational stage
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6
Q

What’s a secure base?

A
  • A parental presence that gives the child a sense of safety as the baby explores his surroundings. THis can lead to a secire attachment
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7
Q

What’s adrenarche and gonadarche?

A
  • The maturing of the adrenal glands and sex glands
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8
Q

What’s cognitive empathy?

A
  • relates to the ability to take the persepctive of others and feel concern for others
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9
Q

What’s socioemotional selectivity theory?

A
  • It suggests that our social support and friendships dwindle in number, but remain as close, if not more close than in our earlier years
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10
Q

What’s an advance directive?

A
  • A written legal document that details specific interventions a person wants when nearing death
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11
Q

What’s a health care proxy?

A
  • Appoints a specific person to make medical decisions for you if you are unable to speak for yourself
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12
Q

What’s the Yerkes-Dodson law?

A
  • Holds that a simple task is performed best when arousal levels are relatively high and complex tasks are best performed when arousal levels are lower
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13
Q

What’s bariatric surgery?

A
  • a type of surgery specifically aimed at weight reduction, and it involves modifying the gastrointestinal system to reduce the amount of food that can be eaten and/or limiting how much of the digested food can be absorbed
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14
Q

What’s gender dysphoria?

A
  • a diagnostic category that describes individuals who do not identify as the gender that most people would assume they are.
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15
Q

What’s a polygraph?

A
  • A lie detector tests that measures the physiological arousal of an individual responding to a series of questions, although the validity of these tests has been seriously questioned
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16
Q

What’s cognitive-mediational theory?

A
  • Asserts that our emotions are determined by our appraisal of the stimulus.
17
Q

What’s the cultural display rule?

A
  • One of a collection of culturally specific standards that govern the types and frequencies of displays of emotions that are acceptable
18
Q

What’s a cardinal trait?

A
  • The personality trait that dominates your personality
19
Q

What are central traits?

A
  • Personality traits that make up our personalities
20
Q

What’s a justification of effort?

A
  • The belief that we tend to value goals and acheivements that we put a lot of effort into.
  • If something is difficult to achieve, we believe it is more worthwhile
21
Q

What’s the Halo effect?

A
  • The tendency to let the overall impression of an individual color the way in which we feel about their character
22
Q

What’s the Asch effect?

A
  • The influence of the group majority on an individuals judgement
  • Asch conformity experiments
23
Q

What is deindividuation?

A
  • situations in which a person may feel a sense of anonymity and therefore a reduction of accountability and sense of self when among others
24
Q

What are chronic and acute stressors?

A
  • Chronic - events that persist over an extended period of time
  • Acute - brief, local events that sometimes continue to be experienced as overwhelming well after the event has ended
25
Q

What’s flow?

A
  • A particular experience that is so engaging and engrossing that is becomes worth doing for its own sake
26
Q

What’s an acquisition?

A
  • When an organization purchases another organization
27
Q

What’s scientific management?

A
  • Analyzes and synthesises workflows with the main objective of improving economic efficiency, especially labour prouctivity
28
Q

What’s procedural justice?

A
  • The fairness of the processes by which outcomes are determined in conflicts with or among employees
29
Q

What’s psychopathology?

A
  • The study of psychological disorders, including their symptoms, their etiology (causes), and treatments
30
Q

What is harmful dysfunction?

A
  • A way to identify and define psychological disorders. Occurs when an internal mechanism breaks down and leads to harm towards oneself and others around you
31
Q

What’s behavioural inhibition?

A
  • Consistent tendency to show fear and restraint when presented with unfamiliar people or situations (present during social anxiety disorder)
32
Q

What’s diathesis?

A
  • A hereditary or constitutional predsposition to a disease or to a disorder
33
Q

What’s hopelessness theory?

A
  • A particular style of negative thinking leads to a sense of hopelessness, which then can lead to depression. It’s the expectation that unpleasant things will occur
34
Q

What are prodromal symptoms?

A
  • Found in patients with schizophrenia, when they show minor symptoms of psychosis, such as unusual thought content, paranoia, odd communication, delusions, etc.
35
Q

What was deinstitutionalization?

A
  • The process where large asylums were closed so that individuals could stay within their communities to recieve local treatment
  • (treatment and therapy)
36
Q

What’s an intake?

A
  • A therapists first meeting with a client where they gather specific information about them in order to address their immediate needs
37
Q

What’s structural and strategical family therapy?

A
  • Structural - the therapist examines and discusses the boundaries and the structure of the family
  • Strategical - the goal is to address specific problems within the family that can be dealt with in a relatively short amount of time
38
Q

What’s play therapy?

A
  • Often used with children, where using toys they can play out their hopes, fantasies and traumas.