Unit 14: Applied Psychology Flashcards
1
Q
What’s environmental psychology?
A
- Very broad area of psychology
- Can be used to make people more environmental (ex. waste disposal centres in food courts) and promoting environmental behaviours
- Another component is understanding how nature impacts people’s mental health and the importance of having access to green spaces
2
Q
What is industrial psychology?
A
- Industrial psychologists help businesses recruit, retain, and promote employees. They work as consultants
3
Q
What does a job analysis entail?
A
- A job description that details that tasks and roles
- Job specifications that outline the required skills and aptitiudes
- Interview questions to determine an objective and fair measurement of skill that always tie back to the position
- a job evaluation that determines a recommended salary that values the labour and prestige
4
Q
What does a personal selection entail?
A
- A candidate analysis which can include personality tests, integrity tests, and the candidate may need to provide work samples
- Interviews that are made to be as unbiased as possible
5
Q
How are biases reduced during interviews when selecting potential candidtaes for the position?
A
- Using standardized questions that remain the same for each candidate
- Not assessing body langauge or suave, unless it’s required for the position
- Don’t want to hire candidates that are similar to other employees as this limits ideas and perspectives
- This is done to increase equity and decrease discrimination
6
Q
What are performance appraisals?
A
- When employers measure the performnce of their employees, and whether or not they’re following their job analysis and meeting work demands
- Actions are often taken after performance appraisals in order to reward or dismiss certain employees
- Dismissal and remediation - ways of dealing with problem employees, and seeing if their positions and roles within the company need to be adjusted
- Must reward good employees through promotions and recognition in order to retain them.
7
Q
What are two common types of leadership?
A
- Theory X - Leaders that believe that worers are lazy and need to be held accountable through intimidation and authority. Very transactional relationship, uses rewards and punishments very often.
- Theory Y - Leaders that want to see their workers satisfied; see them grow and develop, very considerate and charismatic, often inspiring, acts as a mentor
- Can have hybrids of the two
8
Q
What is organizational psychology?
A
- Studying and evaluating how employees interact and behave at work
- The social psychology of work
- The goal is to build a strong and healthy workforce
9
Q
What is work culture?
A
- The social norms and roles of the workplace
- Determine whether there’s harassment and intimidiation among the employees and management
- Determine if there’s effective communication
- Study co-worker relationships
- Determine if there’s worker satisfaction
10
Q
What’s extrinsic vs. intrinsic motivation?
A
- Extrinsic - people perform for the sake of being rewarded for doing it, like receiving a paycheck
- Intrinsic - Do it because the activity itself is motivating and the employee enjoys doing it. More proactive since it develops a sustained behaviour
- Amotivation > controlled extrinsic motivation > autonomous extrinsic motivation > intrinsic motivation
11
Q
What’s the Hawethorne effect?
A
- Workers will be more producive and efficient when being watched by bosses.
- This can lead to job strain as it takes away the workers autonomy and increases their workload, which can eventually lead to job burnout (fatigue, hostility, and underevaluation)
12
Q
What’s Humanitarian Work Psychology?
A
- Help marginalized demographics find and adapt to work environments and positions.
- Trying to establish equity for marginalized groups
13
Q
What’s consumer psychology?
A
- Focused around marketing, advertising, and sales and how companies are able to manipulate us into purchasing their goods
- Study colours used on websites, understanding the consumer demographic of a brand etc.
14
Q
What’s human factors psychology?
A
- Studies occupational safety within jobs, determine if there’s any hazards
- Ergonomics of the workplace to ensure workers are physically comfortable
- Civic architecture, determine if there’s accessibility, or any hostile features
- Help ensure driver safety, such as studying texting while driving, and fatigue caused by driving
15
Q
What is forensic psychology?
A
- Study court dynamics and how juror’s perceptions are swayed by the environment of the courtroom
- Determines if eyewitness testimonies can be trusted
- understanding criminal minds
- Protecting young people in the justice system
