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AP European History > Vocabulary CH 15 > Flashcards

Vocabulary CH 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

James II

A

final Stuart ruler; forced to abdicate in favor of William and Mary guaranteeing parliamentary supremacy

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2
Q

Petition of Right

A

parliamentary document that restricted king’s power; called for recognition of the writ of habeas corpus and held that only Parliament could impose new taxes

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3
Q

Puritan Revolution

A

reference to the English civil war, waged to determine whether sovereignty would reside in monarch or Parliament

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4
Q

William of Orange

A

Dutch prince and foe of Louis XIV who became king of England in 1689

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5
Q

Dutch East India Company

A

chartered joint stock company that controlled spice trade in the East Indies

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6
Q

Puritanism

A

Protestant sect in England hoped to purify the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization

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7
Q

Charles I

A

brought conflict with Parliament to a head and was subsequently executed

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8
Q

Absolutism

A

theory that monarch is supreme and can exercise full and complete power unilaterally

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9
Q

Concordat of Bologna

A

treaty under which the French Crown recognized supremacy of the pope over a council and obtained the right to appoint all French bishops and abbots

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10
Q

Vasco de Gama

A

first European to reach Pacific Ocean?

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11
Q

Frederick the Great

A

Prussian ruler who expanded territory by invading the duchy of Silesia and defeating Maria Theresa of Austria

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12
Q

Versailles

A

palace contructed by Louis XIV outside of Paris to glorify his rule and subdue the nobility

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13
Q

Diggers and Levellers

A

radical groups in England in the 1650s who called for the abolition of private ownership and extension of the franchise

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14
Q

Colbert

A

financial minister under the French king Louis XIV who promoted mercantilist policies

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15
Q

Elizabeth I

A

Protestant ruler of England, helped stabilize religious tensions by subordinating theological issues to political considerations

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16
Q

Armada

A

Spanish vessels defeated in the English channel by an English fleet thus preventing Philip II’s invasion of England

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17
Q

Prince William of Orange

A

Leader of the seventeen provinces of the Netherlands

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18
Q

Interregnum

A

period of Cromwellian rule between the Stuart dynastic rules if Charles I and Charles II

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19
Q

Prince Henry the Navigator

A

sponsor of voyages along West African coasts

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20
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Political theorist advocating absolute monarchy based on his concept of an anarchic state of nature

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21
Q

Constitutionalism

A

theory that power should be shared between rulers and their subjects and the state governed according to laws

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22
Q

Habeas Corpus

A

legal protection that prohibits the imprisonment of a subject without demonstrated cause

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23
Q

Peter the Great

A

Romanov czar who initiated westernization of Russian society by traveling to the West and incorporating techniques of manufacturing as well as manners and dress

24
Q

Charles II

A

king during Restoration following Cromwell’s interregnum

25
Q

Peace of Westphalia

A

treaty ending Thirty Years’ War in Germany; it allowed each prince whether Lutheran, Catholic, or Calvinist to choose the established creed of his territory

26
Q

French Classicism

A

style in seventeenth century art and literature resembling the arts in the ancient world and in the Renaissance
like works of Poussin, Moliere, and Racine

27
Q

Maria Theresa

A

archduchess of Austria queen of Hungary who lost the Hapsburg possession of Silesia to Frederick the Great but was able to keep her other Austrian territories

28
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A

conquerer of Peru

29
Q

Defenestration of Prague

A

hurling of Catholic officials from a castle window in Prague setting off the Thirty Years’ War

30
Q

Bartholomew Diaz

A

first European to reach southern tip of Africa

31
Q

Frederick William

A

“Great Elector” who built strong Prussian army and infused military values into Prussian society

32
Q

Oliver Cromwell

A

principal leader and a gentry member or the Puritans in Parliament

33
Q

Restoration

A

return of the Stuart monarchy after the period of republican government under Cromwell

34
Q

James I

A

monarch who ignored constitutional principles and asserted divine right of kings

35
Q

Gustavus Adolphus

A

Swedish Lutheran who won victories for German Protestants in Thirty Years War and lost his life in one of battles

36
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

first European to sail to West Indies

37
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A

circumnavigator of the globe

38
Q

Hueguenots

A

French Calvinists

39
Q

Peace of Utrecht

A

pact concluding the War of the Spanish succession forbidding the union of France with Spain and conferring control of Gibraltar on England

40
Q

Bill of Rights

A

English document declaring that sovereignty resided with Parliament

41
Q

Glorious Revolution

A

reference to political events when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange

42
Q

Louis XIV

A

ruler of France who established the supremacy of absolutism

43
Q

Fernando Cortez

A

conqueror of the Aztecs

44
Q

John Locke

A

defended the glorious Revolution with the argument that all people are born with certain natural rights to life, liberty, and property

45
Q

Test Act

A

law prohibiting Catholics and dissenters to hold political office

46
Q

Fronde

A

last aristocratic revolt against the English monarch

47
Q

Edict of Nantes

A

edict of Henry IV that granted Huguenots the rights of public worship and religious tolerance in France

48
Q

Duke of Avila

A

Military leader sent by Philip to pacify the Low Countries

49
Q

New Model Army

A

disciplined fighting force of Protestants led by Oliver Cromwell

50
Q

Mercantilism

A

governmental policies by which the state regulates the economy through taxes, tariff, subsidies, and laws

51
Q

St. Bartholomew’s Day

A

Catholic attack on Calvinists on marriage day of Margaret of Valois to Henry IV

52
Q

Catherine de Medici

A

exercised political influence after death of her husband

53
Q

War of the Spanish succession

A

last of Louis XIV’s wars involving the issue of succession to the Spanish throne

54
Q

Henry IV

A

ascended the French throne as a convert to Catholicism

55
Q

Phillip II

A

successor to Charles V ruling Spain and the Low Countries

56
Q

Divine Right Monarchy

A

belief that a monarch’s power derived from God and represents him on earth

AP European History (6 decks)

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