European Terms/Vocabulary

Question 1

taille

Answer 1

tax on land

Question 2

Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges

Answer 2

asserted superiority of council over the papacy

Question 3

hermandades

Answer 3

groups used to act as local police

Question 4

court of Star Chamber

Answer 4

judicial organization that used principles of Roman law

Question 5

New Christians

Answer 5

converted Jews in Spain

Question 6

Diet of Worms

Answer 6

assembly of the Estates of the empire/German nobility

Question 7

transubstantion

Answer 7

by the consecrating words of the priest during the Mass, the bread and wine become the actual body and blood of Christ, who is then fully present in the bread and wine

Question 8

consubstantion

Answer 8

the belief that after consecration the bread and wine undergo a spiritual change whereby Christ is really present but the bread and wine are not transformed

Question 9

preacherships

Answer 9

established by townspeople in response to the irregularity and poor quality of sermons; made up of men of superior education who were required to deliver about a hundred sermons a year, each lasting about forty-five minutes

Question 10

Twelve Articles

Answer 10

expressed grievances of representatives of Swabian peasants and complained that nobles had seized village common lands, imposed new rents on manorial properties, and forced the poor to pay unjust death duties

Question 11

Treaty of Arras

Answer 11

declared French Burgundy a part of the kingdom of France

Question 12

gabelle

Answer 12

salt tax

Question 13

simony

Answer 13

selling of church offices

Question 14

Elizabethan Settlement

Answer 14

parliamentary legislation of the early years of Elizabeth’s reign, required outward conformity to the Church of England and uniformity in all ceremonies

Question 15

Peace of Augsburg

Answer 15

granted legal recognition of Lutheranism in territories ruled by a Lutheran ruler, while a Catholic ruler ensured territory remained Catholic

Question 16

Council of Trent

Answer 16

placed limits on simony and mandated establishment of a seminary for education of clergy (enhanced power of papacy during Counter Reformation)

Question 17

Treaty of Lodi

Answer 17

created an alliance between long-term enemies Milan and Naples and included the support of Florence

Question 18

Peace of Westphalia

Answer 18

marked end of Thirty Years’ War

Question 19

War of Spanish Succession

Answer 19

lasted for twenty-five years between French, English, and Dutch (1702 - 1713)

Question 20

Treaty of Utrecht

Answer 20

ended War of Spanish Succession, left a Bourbon (Louis’s grandson) on throne of Spain but forbade the same monarch from ruling both Spain and France

Question 21

two-house English parliament named

Answer 21

House of Commons and House of Lords

Question 22

Edict of Restitution

Answer 22

edict outlawed Calvinism in the empire and required Lutherans to turn over all property seized since 1522