Vocabulary Flashcards
Nobles
a person of noble rank or birth.
Peasants
a poor farmer of low social status who owns or rents a small piece of land for cultivation (chiefly in historical use or with reference to subsistence farming in poorer countries).
“peasants left the farms to work in industry”
clergy
the body of all people ordained for religious duties, especially in the Christian Church.
Vassals
a holder of land by feudal tenure on conditions of homage and allegiance.
Agragian
relating to cultivated land or the cultivation of land.
Bourgeois
of or characteristic of the middle class, typically with reference to its perceived materialistic values or conventional attitudes.
Hundred Years War
series of conflicts in Western Europe from 1337 to 1453, waged between the House of Plantagenet and its cadet House of Lancaster, rulers of the Kingdom of England, and the House of Valois over the right to rule the Kingdom of France.
Black Death
The deadliest pandemic recorded in human history.
Joan of Arc
heroine of France for her role during the Lancastrian phase of the Hundred Years’ War
Bohemia
westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech lands in the present-day Czech Republic
John Huss
Czech theologian and philosopher who became a Church reformer and the inspiration of Hussitism
Byztantine
relating to Byzantium (now Istanbul), the Byzantine Empire, or the Eastern Orthodox Church
Humanism
an outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. Humanist beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems
Battle of Agincourt
English victory in the Hundred Years’ War. It took place on 25 October 1415 near Azincourt, in Northern
Prince Henry the Navigator
he sponsored a great deal of exploration along the west coast of Africa.
Incas
the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The administrative, political and military center of the empire was in the city of Cusco
Conquistadors
a conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.
Babylonian Captivity
the period from 1309 to 1376 during which seven successive popes resided in Avignon rather than in Rome
renaissance
a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries.
Avignon Papacy
the Babylonian Captivity, was the period from 1309 to 1376 during which seven successive popes resided in Avignon rather than in Rome
Holy Roman Empire
multi-ethnic complex of territories in Western and Central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars.
Sola Fide
justification by faith alone
Charles V
Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain from 1516 to 1556, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506 to 1555.
Transubstantiation
according to the teaching of the Catholic Church, “the change of the whole substance of bread into the substance of the Body of Christ and of the whole substance of wine into the substance of the Blood of Christ
Diet of Worms
was an imperial diet of the Holy Roman Empire called by Emperor Charles V and conducted in the Imperial Free City of Worms. Martin Luther was summoned to the Diet in order to renounce or reaffirm his views in response to a Papal bull of Pope Leo X.
Indulgences
“a way to reduce the amount of punishment one has to undergo for sins”.
95 Theses
written by Martin Luther, everything wrong with church
Martin Luther
a German professor of theology, priest, author, composer, Augustinian monk, and a seminal figure in the Reformation.
Leonardo Davinci
Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who is widely considered one of the most diversely talented individuals ever to have lived
Great Schism
split the main faction of Christianity into two divisions, Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox.
Treaty Of Tordesillas
divided the newly-discovered lands outside Europe between the Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Empire, along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Africa.
Aztecs
a fierce tribe of warriors who settled in the Valley of Mexico in the 13th century CE. They fought endless wars with neighboring tribes until they dominated most of Middle America. Like the Maya and Toltecs before them, they built spectacular cities.
Vasco Da Gama
a Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea.
Columbian Exchange
the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas, the Old World, and West Africa in the 15th and 16th centuries.
Henry V
outstanding military successes in the Hundred Years’ War
Epidemiology
the branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health.
