Vocabulary

Question 1

Nobles

Answer 1

a person of noble rank or birth.

Question 2

Peasants

Answer 2

a poor farmer of low social status who owns or rents a small piece of land for cultivation (chiefly in historical use or with reference to subsistence farming in poorer countries).
“peasants left the farms to work in industry”

Question 3

clergy

Answer 3

the body of all people ordained for religious duties, especially in the Christian Church.

Question 4

Vassals

Answer 4

a holder of land by feudal tenure on conditions of homage and allegiance.

Question 5

Agragian

Answer 5

relating to cultivated land or the cultivation of land.

Question 6

Bourgeois

Answer 6

of or characteristic of the middle class, typically with reference to its perceived materialistic values or conventional attitudes.

Question 7

Hundred Years War

Answer 7

series of conflicts in Western Europe from 1337 to 1453, waged between the House of Plantagenet and its cadet House of Lancaster, rulers of the Kingdom of England, and the House of Valois over the right to rule the Kingdom of France.

Question 8

Black Death

Answer 8

The deadliest pandemic recorded in human history.

Question 9

Joan of Arc

Answer 9

heroine of France for her role during the Lancastrian phase of the Hundred Years’ War

Question 10

Bohemia

Answer 10

westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech lands in the present-day Czech Republic

Question 11

John Huss

Answer 11

Czech theologian and philosopher who became a Church reformer and the inspiration of Hussitism

Question 12

Byztantine

Answer 12

relating to Byzantium (now Istanbul), the Byzantine Empire, or the Eastern Orthodox Church

Question 13

Humanism

Answer 13

an outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. Humanist beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems

Question 14

Battle of Agincourt

Answer 14

English victory in the Hundred Years’ War. It took place on 25 October 1415 near Azincourt, in Northern

Question 15

Prince Henry the Navigator

Answer 15

he sponsored a great deal of exploration along the west coast of Africa.

Question 16

Incas

Answer 16

the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The administrative, political and military center of the empire was in the city of Cusco

Question 17

Conquistadors

Answer 17

a conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.

Question 18

Babylonian Captivity

Answer 18

the period from 1309 to 1376 during which seven successive popes resided in Avignon rather than in Rome

Question 19

renaissance

Answer 19

a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries.

Question 20

Avignon Papacy

Answer 20

the Babylonian Captivity, was the period from 1309 to 1376 during which seven successive popes resided in Avignon rather than in Rome

Question 21

Holy Roman Empire

Answer 21

multi-ethnic complex of territories in Western and Central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars.

Question 22

Sola Fide

Answer 22

justification by faith alone

Question 23

Charles V

Answer 23

Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain from 1516 to 1556, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506 to 1555.

Question 24

Transubstantiation

Answer 24

according to the teaching of the Catholic Church, “the change of the whole substance of bread into the substance of the Body of Christ and of the whole substance of wine into the substance of the Blood of Christ

Question 25

Diet of Worms

Answer 25

was an imperial diet of the Holy Roman Empire called by Emperor Charles V and conducted in the Imperial Free City of Worms. Martin Luther was summoned to the Diet in order to renounce or reaffirm his views in response to a Papal bull of Pope Leo X.

Question 26

Indulgences

Answer 26

“a way to reduce the amount of punishment one has to undergo for sins”.

Question 27

95 Theses

Answer 27

written by Martin Luther, everything wrong with church

Question 28

Martin Luther

Answer 28

a German professor of theology, priest, author, composer, Augustinian monk, and a seminal figure in the Reformation.

Question 29

Leonardo Davinci

Answer 29

Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who is widely considered one of the most diversely talented individuals ever to have lived

Question 30

Great Schism

Answer 30

split the main faction of Christianity into two divisions, Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox.

Question 31

Treaty Of Tordesillas

Answer 31

divided the newly-discovered lands outside Europe between the Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Empire, along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Africa.

Question 32

Aztecs

Answer 32

a fierce tribe of warriors who settled in the Valley of Mexico in the 13th century CE. They fought endless wars with neighboring tribes until they dominated most of Middle America. Like the Maya and Toltecs before them, they built spectacular cities.

Question 33

Vasco Da Gama

Answer 33

a Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea.

Question 34

Columbian Exchange

Answer 34

the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas, the Old World, and West Africa in the 15th and 16th centuries.

Question 35

Henry V

Answer 35

outstanding military successes in the Hundred Years’ War

Question 36

Epidemiology

Answer 36

the branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health.