Renaissance Reading Flashcards
Where did the Renaissance begin?
Northern Italy
Which cities were the centers of universities and schools?
Northern Italian cities
What did booming commerce affect?
Businesses could employ lots of people, and competition started
What happened in 1494?
French King Charles VIII invaded Italy
What was French King Charles VIII’s hope in invading Italy?
claiming the thrones of Milan and Naples
What did French King Charles VIII conquere?
Florence and Naples
Who did the Spanish join forces with?
Papacy, the Holy Roman Empire, Venice, and Milan
Why did the Spanish join forces?
To drive out the French
What happened in 1499?
French King Louis XII again invaded Italy
What happened in 1525?
Spanish troops defeated the French and drove them out of Italy
French King Louis XII
invaded Italy in 1499
What happened in 1527?
Spanish soldiers attacked Rome
Charles V, the Habsburg King
King of Spain and the Holy Roman Emperor
What did Charles V, the Habsburg King do?
Claimed Milan and Naples as his territory and appointed princes
What does Renaissance mean?
Rebirth
What does the Renaissance refer to?
Europe’s cultural rebirth
Renaissance
Time when changed from dark ages to times of rebirth and significance
Humanism
Study of men, main focus of renaissance leaders
Italian Francesco Petrarca
Believed that French scholasticism was too abstract.
Asceticism
severe self-discipline and avoidance of all forms of indulgence, typically for religious reasons.
Leon Alberdi
Civic engagement- serve good and the city-state
Lorenzo Valla
Latin guy, proved donation of Constantine was a medieval forgery
Alberdi, Valla and civic humanists
looked to the Greeks
Platonic Academy of Florence
Civic Humanists place to draw together
NeoPlatonists
blend teachings of plato with doctrines of christians
Members of academy?
Duke Cosimo de Medici, Pico della Mirandolla
Niccolo Machiavelli
1498 became Republics high level official
Medici Family
the merchants who had overturned the Florentine Republic and set themselves up as the cities dukes
What did France do in 1494?
Invaded Italy and neared Florence, caused Medici Family to flea
Wheat happened when Italy neared Florence?
Florence became a republic
What happened in 1512?
Medici returned to power and Machiavelli went into exile
What did Machiavelli write about?
A necessary evil of a politic
Why did Renaissance end?
the Dutch, the English, the Spanish, and the Portuguese had established new sea routes to Asia which decreased Italians wealth
The political reason for renaissance’s end?
Catholic churches response to the protestant reformation
England King Henry VIII
started own religion
John Calvin
Swiss Preacher, started own religion
German Cleric Martin Luther
started own religion
Catholic Reformation
response to the three outbreaks of religious movements breaking away from the church
Church did what?
Banned books, and persecuted artists and scholars who had different views
Paradoxically
in a seemingly absurd or self-contradictory way.
Where was Desiderius Erasmus from?
Rotterdam (Holland)
Desiderius Erasmus
Scholar who translated New Testament into Greek
Books Desiderius Erasmus wrote?
In praise of Folly and Complaint of Peace
What was Praise of Folly by Erasmus about?
worldly corruption and ignorance
What was Complaint of Peace by Erasmus about?
Christian ethics
Pacifism
the belief that any violence, including war, is unjustifiable under any circumstances, and that all disputes should be settled by peaceful means.
Thomas Moore
English aristrocrat and Englands Lord Chancellor under King Henry VIII
Who wrote Utopia?
Thomas Moore
What was Utopia about?
A perfect world in which one can pursue virtues
Henry VIII
Made Church of England
How did Moore die?
Refused to recognize Henry as head of the national church and was executed.
Fancois Rabelais
influenced by Erasmus, wrote “Gargantua and Pantagruel”
How was Rabelais different from Erasmus?
Appealed to different audiences
