Renaissance Reading Flashcards

1
Q

Where did the Renaissance begin?

A

Northern Italy

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2
Q

Which cities were the centers of universities and schools?

A

Northern Italian cities

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3
Q

What did booming commerce affect?

A

Businesses could employ lots of people, and competition started

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4
Q

What happened in 1494?

A

French King Charles VIII invaded Italy

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5
Q

What was French King Charles VIII’s hope in invading Italy?

A

claiming the thrones of Milan and Naples

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6
Q

What did French King Charles VIII conquere?

A

Florence and Naples

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7
Q

Who did the Spanish join forces with?

A

Papacy, the Holy Roman Empire, Venice, and Milan

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8
Q

Why did the Spanish join forces?

A

To drive out the French

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9
Q

What happened in 1499?

A

French King Louis XII again invaded Italy

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10
Q

What happened in 1525?

A

Spanish troops defeated the French and drove them out of Italy

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11
Q

French King Louis XII

A

invaded Italy in 1499

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12
Q

What happened in 1527?

A

Spanish soldiers attacked Rome

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13
Q

Charles V, the Habsburg King

A

King of Spain and the Holy Roman Emperor

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14
Q

What did Charles V, the Habsburg King do?

A

Claimed Milan and Naples as his territory and appointed princes

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15
Q

What does Renaissance mean?

A

Rebirth

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16
Q

What does the Renaissance refer to?

A

Europe’s cultural rebirth

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17
Q

Renaissance

A

Time when changed from dark ages to times of rebirth and significance

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18
Q

Humanism

A

Study of men, main focus of renaissance leaders

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19
Q

Italian Francesco Petrarca

A

Believed that French scholasticism was too abstract.

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20
Q

Asceticism

A

severe self-discipline and avoidance of all forms of indulgence, typically for religious reasons.

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21
Q

Leon Alberdi

A

Civic engagement- serve good and the city-state

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22
Q

Lorenzo Valla

A

Latin guy, proved donation of Constantine was a medieval forgery

23
Q

Alberdi, Valla and civic humanists

A

looked to the Greeks

24
Q

Platonic Academy of Florence

A

Civic Humanists place to draw together

25
Q

NeoPlatonists

A

blend teachings of plato with doctrines of christians

26
Q

Members of academy?

A

Duke Cosimo de Medici, Pico della Mirandolla

27
Q

Niccolo Machiavelli

A

1498 became Republics high level official

28
Q

Medici Family

A

the merchants who had overturned the Florentine Republic and set themselves up as the cities dukes

29
Q

What did France do in 1494?

A

Invaded Italy and neared Florence, caused Medici Family to flea

30
Q

Wheat happened when Italy neared Florence?

A

Florence became a republic

31
Q

What happened in 1512?

A

Medici returned to power and Machiavelli went into exile

32
Q

What did Machiavelli write about?

A

A necessary evil of a politic

33
Q

Why did Renaissance end?

A

the Dutch, the English, the Spanish, and the Portuguese had established new sea routes to Asia which decreased Italians wealth

34
Q

The political reason for renaissance’s end?

A

Catholic churches response to the protestant reformation

35
Q

England King Henry VIII

A

started own religion

36
Q

John Calvin

A

Swiss Preacher, started own religion

37
Q

German Cleric Martin Luther

A

started own religion

38
Q

Catholic Reformation

A

response to the three outbreaks of religious movements breaking away from the church

39
Q

Church did what?

A

Banned books, and persecuted artists and scholars who had different views

40
Q

Paradoxically

A

in a seemingly absurd or self-contradictory way.

41
Q

Where was Desiderius Erasmus from?

A

Rotterdam (Holland)

42
Q

Desiderius Erasmus

A

Scholar who translated New Testament into Greek

43
Q

Books Desiderius Erasmus wrote?

A

In praise of Folly and Complaint of Peace

44
Q

What was Praise of Folly by Erasmus about?

A

worldly corruption and ignorance

45
Q

What was Complaint of Peace by Erasmus about?

A

Christian ethics

46
Q

Pacifism

A

the belief that any violence, including war, is unjustifiable under any circumstances, and that all disputes should be settled by peaceful means.

47
Q

Thomas Moore

A

English aristrocrat and Englands Lord Chancellor under King Henry VIII

48
Q

Who wrote Utopia?

A

Thomas Moore

49
Q

What was Utopia about?

A

A perfect world in which one can pursue virtues

50
Q

Henry VIII

A

Made Church of England

51
Q

How did Moore die?

A

Refused to recognize Henry as head of the national church and was executed.

52
Q

Fancois Rabelais

A

influenced by Erasmus, wrote “Gargantua and Pantagruel”

53
Q

How was Rabelais different from Erasmus?

A

Appealed to different audiences