Middle Ages Pre Semester Flashcards
What was Europe like in the 1300s?
Famines and harvests were bad
Epizootics
Epidemic diseases among animals
How many starved?
Tens of thousands
How many died from epidemic illnesses?
Tens of thousands
Ratio of dead from 1315-1316
1 in 10
What about the wealthy aristocracy?
Continued to live in luxury
Why was the Grain price high?
The demand extended the supply
When did the Black Plague strike?
1347
What is the bubonic plague?
Bacteria in fleas cause lymph nodes
What is the Pneumonic Plague
Causes issues to lungs
Where did the plague begin?
Mongolia
What percent of English and Northeastern France died?
40 &60
What lands did the Mongol armies conquer?
China, Northern India, and Russ
What are the roots of the 100 year wars?
- English kings’ continuing claim to territories in Franch
- English support for the Flemish rebillion
- English and French both claimed to French heir
Where did the war take place?
France
English King Edward III
Claimed French throne
French King Philip Valois (Philip IV)
Claimed French throne
French Capetian King Charles IV
Died on throne without a heir
Which cities survived?
Milan and Nuremberg
Flagellants
Followed the Christian Hermits, in self-mutilating and self-beating sects
Dominican Priest Master Eckart
Do not need the church
Thomas Kempis
Wrote Imitation of Christ- could achieve salvation by reading the bible
English Theologian John Wyclif
Predestiantion, all we could do was live well, church was unneccassary
Lollards/ Lollard movement
Followers of John Wyclif, punishable by death, rebelled in 1414, faded after 1414 and merged with Puritan movement
Pope Boniface VII
died in 1303, captured by French army
Babylonian Captivity
Captivity of Hebrews in Babylon
Pope Gregory XI
died in 1388
Italian Bishop Urban VI
1388 College of Cardinals named him pope,month later changed decision but he refused to step down, named new college of cardinals, ruled from Rome
French Bishop Clement VII
Appointed after Urban VI, ruled from Avignon
Great Schism
bishops in europe declared loyalty to two different popes
What did England grow?
Raising sheep for wool, and growing flax
What did Northern Europe grow?
Dairy Production
What did Germany grow?
Rye (grain)
What did France grow?
Grapes for Wine
Hanseatic League
Baltic Sea Port, and port cities of Northern German (lead countries of commerce), dominated European trade in grain, furs, amber, and other
What did the Italian cities dominate in?
Spices and in textiles (silks, woolens)
Jan Hus
Translated Bible into Czech, encouraged people to read on own, take bread and wine, in 1415 was invited to speak at the Council of Constance, instead arrested and burned him at the stake
Hussites/ Hussites Rebellion
Jan Hus’s followers, rebelled agaisnt church and the Roman Emperor, reach concord in 1434- recognize authority and drink wine
Taborites
Miltary army of the Hussites, destroyed emporers knights
Pope Martin V
Recognized as new Roman pope, end of Great Schism
Conciliarist Controversy
The debate over whether the pope or the council of prelates exercised sovereignty over the church
French King Charles VII
1429, gave army to peasant girl
Joan of Arc
Peasant girl who heard God, won series of battles against English, burned at the stake
Giovanni Boccaccio
Wrote Decameron around 1350
